基于生物毒性的松花江氨氮水质评价

以US EPA(美国国家环境保护局)保护淡水水生生物的氨氮基准为基础,建立了基于生物毒性的氨氮水质评价流程,对松花江2003-2010年17个监测断面的氨氮进行了水质评价并提出不同评价结果的应对措施.结果表明,松花江干流水质整体较好.按变化趋势来看各断面水质呈逐渐好转的趋势,干流有5个断面在4个评价周期内的评价结果均为A,有2个断面水质评价结果分别由C1、B1好转为A,有4个断面在4个评价周期内有超标情况发生；支流有2个断面在4个评价周期内的评价结果为A,其余4个断面的氨氮污染负荷较高,呈不同程度的超标情况.按超标断面的河段分布来看,松花江氨氮水质指标呈干流好于支流,上游好于中、下游,丰、平水期好于枯水期的特点.SHJC(松花江村)至HLHX(呼兰河下)断面范围内的超标可能是由于城市密集、工农业发达、氨氮产生负荷较高所造成的；JMSS(佳木斯上)至TJ(同江)断面主要受到pH等水质因子的影响,使该河段范围内仍然存在一定的超标现象.

Water Quality Assessment of Ammonia to Aquatic Life in Songhua River

A water quality ammonia assessment procedure was proposed based on criteria published by the US EPA to protect aquatic species in freshwater. The methods were applied to the monitoring of ammonia at seventeen sites in the Songhua River from 2003 to 2010. The results showed that the water quality of the main stream of Songhua River was good in general. During the four assessment periods, the water quality class for ammonia was as follows:for the main stream, five sites were class A, two sites improved from class C1 and B1 to A, and another four sites exceeded the ammonia standard. As for the branch stream, two sites were class A, while the remaining four sites suffered to different degrees from the overloading of contamination caused by ammonia. As for the spatial distribution of the monitoring sites, the water quality of Songhua River with respect to ammonia in the main stream was better than that in the branches, while the conditions upstream were better than those in the midstream or downstream. Regarding temporal distribution, the wet season and the normal season were better than the dry season. The study suggests that the causes of nonattainment of the ammonia standard in the SHJC and HLHX sites were probably population expansion and pollutant discharge from the agriculture industry. The nonattainment of the ammonia standard from the JMSS site to the TJ site was mainly due to hydraulic factors such as the effect of pH, though these sites were not seriously affected by disturbance from human activities.