我国固定源挥发性有机物污染管控的现状与挑战

挥发性有机物（VOCs）成为PM_2.5和臭氧（O₃）协同控制的核心污染物之一，但目前VOCs污染控制仍处于摸索阶段，其控制措施的有效性有待总结研究.为了进一步推动VOCs管控的有效性和科学性，对VOCs的定义、表征方法、排放标准、全过程控制技术及相应制度体系的现状进行了梳理，分析了存在的问题，并提出了相应的对策建议.结果表明:①国家和地方对VOCs的定义尚未统一，导致管控范围不明确，因此建议基于VOCs的物理性质（沸点和蒸气压）确定其管控范围，并与恶臭物质、有毒有害污染物分类协同控制，研究制定豁免清单和优先控制清单.②通过比较VOCs表征和监测方法的差异发现，非甲烷总烃（NMHC）的检测方法在稳定性、可靠性方面尚存在不足，建议建立总碳氢化合物（THC）与NMHC相结合的监测方法.③基于全过程控制技术体系的概念，分析并发现源头控制、过程控制、末端治理措施实施中存在投入和产出不平衡、稳定达标困难等问题，建议基于治理措施的全生命周期综合效益评价，建立最佳治理技术筛选方法.④针对VOCs排放总量控制制度与排污许可证制度、排放税制度等尚未有效联动的问题，建议统一总量核算办法、增设专门的VOCs排放税.⑤鉴于国家和地方排放标准存在差异，建议制定区域一体化排放标准以避免某些产业在有限区域内简单转移. 

Current Status and Challenge for Control of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from Stationary Sources in China

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are some of the core air pollutants for comprehensive control of PM_2.5 and ozone. However, the control of VOCs is still in the exploration period, so the effectiveness of control strategies needs to be summarized and studied. In order to further improve the control of VOCs more effectively and scientifically, the current status of definition, characterization, emission standard, whole-process control technology and corresponding regulation systems of VOCs were investigated, the existing problems were analyzed and some comments and suggestions were made. The results demonstrated that: (1) The national and local definitions for VOCs are not consistent which result in the unclear control scope of VOCs. Thus, it is proposed that the control scope of VOCs should be determined based on physical properties of VOCs including boiling points and vapor pressures, coordinately control together with odorant, air toxics to study and formulate the exemption and priority list of pollutants. (2) By comparing the differences in the characterization and detection methods of VOCs, some defects in stability and reliability of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) were found. Therefore, it is recommended to set up a monitoring method through combining total hydrocarbon (THC) with NMHC. (3) Based on the concept of the whole-process control, some shortcomings such as imbalance of input-output, difficult matching emission standard were discussed for implementation of source control, process control and end-pipe treatment. The best technology screening method was proposed based on evaluation of comprehensive life-cycle environmental benefit analysis. (4) Because the total emissions quantity control policy hasn''t been inter-connected effectively with policies such as emission permits and emission taxes, it is necessary to unify the methods for the estimation of total VOCs emissions, and VOCs should be added to the emission tax list. (5) Due to the difference between national and local emission standards, it is necessary to integrate regional emission standards of VOCs to avoid the simple transfer of some industries within limited regions.