长江经济带生态环境保护的若干战略问题

长江经济带发展是国家区域协调发展的重大战略之一，要保护长江生态环境，走生态优先、绿色发展之路.当前，长江经济带经济增速放缓，产业结构持续优化，城镇化处于快速发展阶段后期；主要污染物排放强度下降，水环境质量改善，但水生态状况堪忧，生态环境质量持续稳定改善进入攻坚期.通过对社会经济和生态环境形势的研判，阐述了长江经济带生态环境保护的战略需求和目标，并提出了四项战略.结果表明:①长江经济带生态环境保护的战略需求从单一要素、单一指标、部分区域转向水生态环境的系统保护和综合修复.②生态环境保护的战略目标由水环境质量改善转向水生态环境安全提升，未来将逐步转向生态环境健康改善.③空间管控战略需要整合多项区域规划，研究构建流域与区域协同、水陆统筹、山海一体的统一的长江经济带生态环境空间单元划分体系.④产业绿色发展战略的核心是在影响水生态环境安全的相关产业领域加强防控.⑤科技创新战略要突出科技平台的作用，推进数据、人才、技术、成果的汇集和创新，实现生态环境保护由投资驱动向科技创新驱动转型.⑥现代治理能力提升战略要求长江经济带建成生态文明先行示范带，率先完善生态文明制度体系，构建生态环境治理体系和提升生态环境治理能力.研究显示，把握长江经济带生态环境保护的战略需求和目标，推行空间管控、产业绿色发展、科技创新和现代治理能力提升战略，能更加有效地支撑长江经济带和长江三角洲一体化的发展. 

Strategic Issues of Ecological Environment Protection in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

The development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is one of the major strategies for coordinated regional development of the country. It is required to protect the ecological environment, and take the road of ecological priority and green development. At present, the economic growth rate of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has slowed down. The industrial structure is continuously optimized. The urbanization is already in the late stage of rapid development. The emission intensity of major pollutants in the Yangtze River Economic Belt continued to decline. The water environment quality has improved significantly, but the water ecology situation is worrying. The continuous and steady improvement of the ecological environment quality has entered a critical period. Through the study of the situation of social economy and ecological environment, this paper proposes the strategic needs and strategic objectives of the future ecological environment protection of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and puts forward four categories of strategies. The results showed that: (1) The strategic demands for ecological environmental protection in the Yangtze River Economic Belt are to shift from a single element, a single indicator, and some areas to a systematic protection and comprehensive restoration of water ecological environment. (2) The strategic objectives of ecological environmental protection are to shift from water environment quality improvement to water ecological environment security promotion. In the future, the goal will gradually turn to improving the ecological environment health. (3) The spatial control strategy needs to integrate multiple regional plans, and construct a unified division system of ecological environment spatial units in the Yangtze River Economic Belt with basin-region coordination, water-land integration, and mountain-sea unification. (4) The core of the industrial green development strategy is to strengthen prevention and control in related industries that affect the water ecological environment security. (5) The scientific and technological innovation strategy should highlight the role of research platforms to promote the collection and innovation of data, talents, technologies and achievements, and achieve the transformation of ecological environmental protection from investment-driven to technological innovation-driven. (6) The modern governance improvement strategy requires the Yangtze River Economic Belt to build a pilot demonstration belt of ecological civilization, take the lead in improving the system of ecological civilization, construct an ecological environment governance system and improve the capacity of ecological environment governance. According to the research, grasping the strategic demands and objectives of ecological environmental protection, implementing the strategies of spatial control, industrial green development, scientific and technological innovation, and modern governance improvement can more effectively support the integrated development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Yangtze River Delta.