新冠肺炎疫情期间我国人群交通出行行为分析

为了解我国新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19，简称“新冠肺炎”）疫情期间人群出行频次及交通方式，调查收集了2020年2月25日—3月14日我国31个省（自治区、直辖市）8 330名居民疫情期间的出行频次及交通方式等信息，并分析了其影响因素；对我国31个省（自治区、直辖市）按疫情严重程度进行等级划分，分析不同疫情等级下人群交通出行方式的差异，并与非疫情期间进行对比.结果表明:①新冠肺炎疫情期间调查人群中有75.1%的人有出行行为，其中，5.5%的人一天多次外出，17.6%的人每周出行频次不到一次.出行过程中乘坐公共交通和出租车这两类感染风险较高的交通工具的人数占比分别为6.3%和4.0%.②新冠肺炎疫情期间，我国居民的出行频次和交通方式可能受性别、年龄、城乡、片区等人口统计学变量以及当地或附近疑似/确诊病例情况的影响，还可能与所在省份疫情严重程度有关.西藏自治区、青海省等地区人群出行频次及交通方式受疫情影响变化相对较小，湖北省居民出行频次及交通方式与非疫情期间相比变化最大.③新冠肺炎疫情期间，我国成人居民选择步行和小轿车（出租车和私家车）出行的人数占比远高于非疫情期间，而选择公共交通和自行车或电动车等交通方式的人数占比与非疫情期间相比有所降低.研究发现，新冠肺炎疫情极大地改变了我国人群出行频次及交通方式. 

Transportation Activity Patterns of Chinese Population during the COVID-19 Epidemic

In order to understand the travel frequency and transportation modes of the Chinese population during the COVID-19 epidemic, the travel information of 8330 residents in 31 provinces from February 25^th to March 14^th, 2020 was collected, and the factors influencing the travel frequency and transportation mode were analyzed. According to the severity of the epidemic, 31 provinces were classified, and the difference in residents'' transportation modes under different grades were analyzed and compared with those in non-epidemic periods. The results show that: (1) During the COVID-19 epidemic, 75.1% of people had travel activities, among which 5.5% took several trips per day and 17.6% took fewer than one trip per week. Public transportation and taxi with higher risk of infection were chosen by 6.3% and 4.0% of the population, respectively. (2) The travel frequency and transportation modes of Chinese residents during the COVID-19 outbreak may be affected by demographic variables, such as gender, age, urban and rural areas, regions, local or nearby suspected/confirmed cases, and the severity of the epidemic in the provinces. The travel frequency and transportation modes of people in some provinces such as Tibet Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province were less affected by the epidemic, while the travel frequency and transportation modes of residents in Hubei Province changed the most compared with the non-epidemic period. (3) During the COVID-19 epidemic, the proportion of Chinese residents who chose to walk and travel by car (taxi and private car) was much higher than during the non-epidemic period, while the proportion of people who chose public transportation and bicycles or electric bicycle was lower than during the non-epidemic period. This study found that the travel frequency and transportation modes of the Chinese population changed dramatically due to the COVID-19 epidemic.