基于卫星遥感数据和污染控制政策分析河南省2001—2018年SO2浓度变化特征

为研究河南省长时间序列的ρ（SO₂）变化特征，运用MERRA-2卫星遥感资料并结合《大气污染防治行动计划》的实施，对河南省2001—2018年ρ（SO₂）的时空分布特征进行分析.结果表明:①河南省2001—2018年ρ（SO₂）的空间分布呈东北高、西南低的特征，高值、低值区域分别位于焦作市-新乡市-郑州市北部一带和洛阳市-三门峡市-南阳市交界一带；秋季、冬季ρ（SO₂）高于春季、夏季，冬季ρ（SO₂）比春季、夏季高50%~70%.②2011年前，河南省年均ρ（SO₂）不断上升，北部较南部增速快，年均增速为3.5~4.0 μg/（m3·a）；2011年后，西北部大部分地区ρ（SO₂）呈下降趋势，焦作市-新乡市-安阳市一带下降最快.③2013年《大气污染防治行动计划》实施后，河南省北部ρ（SO₂）呈递减趋势，濮阳市及其周边下降最快，降速超过0.4 μg/（m3·a）；但中南部仍呈缓慢增长趋势，增速高达0.6 μg/（m3·a）.研究显示，主要污染物总量的减排和《大气污染防治行动计划》的实施促进了河南省ρ（SO₂）的下降，但不处于京津冀大气污染传输通道“2+26”城市的地区ρ（SO₂）下降速度较慢甚至略有增长，应进一步加大非传输通道城市大气污染防治力度. 

SO2 Variation in Henan Province Based on Satellite Remote Sensing Data and Pollution Control Policies from 2001 to 2018

In order to study the long-term variation characteristics of ρ(SO₂) and evaluate the effectiveness of pollution prevention and control policies, the temporal-spatial distribution of ρ(SO₂) in Henan Province from 2001 to 2018 was analyzed through MERRA-2 remote sensing data and according to the implementation of the Action Plan of Air Pollution Prevention and Control. The results show that the spatial distribution of annual ρ(SO₂) in Henan Province was high in the northeast and low in the southwest. The large values appeared in Jiaozuo, Xinxiang and northern Zhengzhou (>50.0 μg/m3), the low values appeared at the borders of Luoyang, Sanmenxia and Nanyang, and the temporal distribution of ρ(SO₂) was higher in winter and lower in spring and summer. The concentration of high value center in winter was 50%-70% higher than that in spring and summer. Before 2011, ρ(SO₂) had an increasing trend in Henan Province, and the concentration increased rapidly in the north. The fastest rate of growth was 3.5-4.0 μg/(m3·a). The ρ(SO₂) decreased in most areas of northwest during the period of 2011-2018, with the fastest deceleration in Jiaozuo-Xinxiang-Anyang area. The ground concentration of SO₂ in northern Henan Province had the digression trend and the rate of decline was greater than 0.4 μg/(m3·a) in Puyang. However, ρ(SO₂) continued to increase slowly in the central and south, with the highest growth rate of 0.6 μg/(m3·a). The results also show that the reduction of the total pollutant emissions and the implementation of the Action Plan of Air Pollution Prevention and Control promoted the reduction of the pollutant concentrations effectively. Compared with the cities located in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei transmission channel of air pollution, the ρ(SO₂) in other cities decreased slowly or even increased after 2013. Therefore, the prevention and control of air pollution should be strengthened outside the transmission channel.