天地一体化遥感监测大气污染技术进展

天地一体化遥感监测技术通过地基和卫星融合互补，成为研究大气污染来源、传输和影响的重要方法.但目前国外主导的地基和卫星遥感算法不适应国内复杂大气环境，其数据可靠性尚需验证.为进一步推动国内大气研究自主性，厘清天地一体化遥感监测技术发展现状，对相应的平台建设、算法研发及应用实例进行介绍.结果表明:①可通过地基观测网络实时连续监测大气污染物的浓度（柱总量）/廓线信息，目前国内组建并运行了CNEMC空气质量监测网络和USTC地基遥感网络.②可通过紫外-可见波段卫星载荷获取全球/区域尺度大气污染物的浓度（柱总量）/廓线产品，GF-5搭载的EMI填补了国内该类载荷的空白，基于DOAS（BOAS）的柱总量反演算法、基于OE的垂直廓线反演算法是当下国际主流业务算法.③天地一体化遥感监测技术以高精度、广覆盖、准定位的优势得到快速发展，可为亟需解决的大气污染治理成效评估、作用机理研究、区域传输测算及精准溯源等难题提供技术支持.研究显示，天地一体化遥感监测技术需以应用化和业务化为导向，加快观测平台硬件建设，加强相关反演算法研发，深入融合多平台数据，全面推进大气遥感监测技术的立体化和系统化发展. 

Review of Space and Ground Integrated Remote Sensing for Air Pollutants

The space-ground integrated remote sensing and monitoring technology has become an important method for studying the source, transmission and impact of air pollution through the integration of the ground and satellite-based observation platforms. However, the ground and satellite-based remote sensing algorithms currently dominated by Europe and America are not suitable for Chinese complex atmospheric environment, and these data reliability still needs to be verified. This paper introduces the corresponding platform construction, algorithm development and application examples to further promote the autonomy of atmospheric research and clarify the development status of the space-ground integrated remote sensing and monitoring technology in China. The results show that: (1) The high-precision, real-time and continuous monitoring of air pollutant concentrations (total columns)/profiles can be achieved by establishing ground-based network with multi-site observation. The air quality monitoring network of China National Environmental Monitoring Centre (CNEMC) and the ground-based remote sensing network of the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) have been established and operated in China. (2) The global/regional-scale air pollutant concentrations (total columns)/profiles can be obtained through the satellite payloads in the ultraviolet-visible band. The Environmental Trace Gas Monitoring Instrument (EMI) on GF-5 fills the gap in this type of satellite payloads in China. The total column retrieval algorithm based on DOAS (BOAS) and the vertical profile retrieval algorithm based on OE are the current international mainstream business algorithms. (3) The space-ground integrated remote sensing and monitoring technology is rapidly developed with the advantages of high-precision, wide-coverage and quasi-positioning, which can provide technical support for urgently needed issues such as air pollution control effectiveness assessment, mechanism research, regional transmission calculation and precise traceability. This research shows that the space-ground integrated remote sensing and monitoring technology need to be oriented towards application and business, accelerate the hardware construction of observation platform, strengthen the research and development of related retrieval algorithms, deeply integrate multi-platform data, and comprehensively promote the three-dimensional and systematic development of air pollution monitoring technology.