基于二污普数据果菜茶畜禽粪污氮承载评估

为评估我国各省份果菜茶种植对当地畜禽粪污承载消纳能力，基于各省份果菜茶产量数据与第二次全国污染源普查结果分别核算了畜禽粪肥氮需求量和供给量，以粪肥替代化肥比率为0.4和0.5两种情景评估了各省份果菜茶种植粪肥氮承载消纳情况.结果表明:①全国果菜茶种植氮素平均需求量为358.7 kg/hm2，畜禽养殖业粪肥氮素产生量为463.3×104 t，供给量为277.97×104 t.果菜茶单位种植面积粪肥氮素供给量全国平均值为126.37 kg/hm2.②粪肥替代化肥比率为0.4时，全国果菜茶单位种植面积粪肥氮养分需求量为143.5 kg/hm2，各省份粪肥氮养分承载压力系数在0.21~2.99之间，平均值为0.78.③粪肥替代化肥比率为0.5时，全国果菜茶单位种植面积粪肥氮养分需求量为179 kg/hm2，各省份粪肥氮养分承载压力系数在0.17~2.39之间，平均值为0.63.研究显示，粪肥替代化肥比率在0.4和0.5条件下，全国大部分省份畜禽粪肥氮养分提供量未超过本区域果菜茶种植的肥料所需.各省份畜禽养殖业可提供的粪污全部用于区域内果菜茶作物施肥，全国有22个省份粪肥替代化肥的比率在0.4之内. 

Evaluation of Land Carrying Capacity of Livestock and Poultry Manure Nitrogen Based on the Second China Pollution Source Census Results

In order to evaluate the carrying capacity of livestock and poultry manure by fruit, vegetable and tea planting, based on the results of the second China pollution source census, the demand for manure nitrogen was calculated with the production of fruit, vegetable and tea, and the supply was calculated with the survey results of the livestock and poultry breeding. The manure nitrogen supply and demand for fruit, vegetable and tea planting were evaluated with fertilizer replacement ratios of 0.4 and 0.5, respectively. The national average nitrogen demand for fruit, vegetable and tea planting was 358.7 kg/hm², the nitrogen production of livestock and poultry breeding was 4.63 million tons, and the manure nitrogen supply was 2.78 million tons. The national average nitrogen supply of fruit, vegetable and tea planting was 126.37 kg/hm². When the fertilizer replacement ratio was 0.4, the national manure nitrogen demand per planting area of fruit, vegetable and tea was 143.5 kg/hm². The nitrogen carrying capacity pressure coefficient of manure was between 0.21 and 2.99, with the average value of 0.78. When the fertilizer replaced ratio was 0.5, the national manure nitrogen demand per unit planting area of fruit, vegetable and tea was 179 kg/hm². The nitrogen carrying capacity pressure coefficient of manure was between 0.17 and 2.39, with the average value of 0.63. The results showed that the nitrogen supply of livestock manure at provincial level in most regions of China did not exceed the fertilizer requirement for fruit vegetable tea planting when the fertilizer replacement ratio was 0.4 or 0.5. When all the manure provided by livestock and poultry breeding industry was used to fertilize fruit, vegetable and tea crops in each province, the fertilizer replacement ratio in 22 provinces was within 0.4.