含油污泥石油烃在生物强化堆肥处理中降解特性研究

为提高含油污泥的生物降解效率，通过混合菌剂强化堆肥法处理含油污泥的小试试验，采用GC-MS图谱分析技术对石油烃中正构烷烃、藿烷、甾烷的降解规律进行分析.结果表明:7%的油泥经微生物强化堆肥处理49 d后降解率在85%以上.石油烃中3种系列的降解难易顺序为正构烷烃>藿烷>甾烷，从降解规律来看，微生物降油复合菌剂对高碳数正构烷烃的平均降解率（75.55%）大于对低碳数正构烷烃的平均降解率（62.98%），说明总石油烃中降解率最大的是正构烷烃.微生物降油复合菌剂对藿烷的降解率在90%以上，其对22S-31，32，33，34-四升藿烷的降解率最高.微生物降油复合菌剂能够促进孕甾烷的转化，且对重排甾烷的降解效果较明显，对甾烷类化合物中4-甲基-24-乙基-胆甾烷的降解效果最好.微生物降油复合菌剂对正构烷烃的奇偶碳降解优势不明显；藿烷的立体构型转化参数大于甾烷的立体构型转化参数，这也解释了藿烷的降解易于甾烷的原因.研究显示，微生物降油复合菌剂对石油烃中正构烷烃、藿烷、甾烷的降解效果均较好. 

Composting of Mixed Bacteria Enhanced the Degradation Characteristics of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Oily Sludge

In order to improve the biodegradation efficiency of oily sludge, a pilot experiment was carried to treat oily sludge with mixed bacterial agent, and the degradation of n-alkanes, hopane and gonane of petroleum hydrocarbons was analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that 7% of the sludge was composted by microbial enhancement, and the degradation rate was more than 85% in 49 days. The degradation rate of the three series of petroleum hydrocarbons was more than 85%. The order of degradation difficulty of the three petroleum hydrocarbons was n-alkanes > hopane > gonane. From the three components of the degradation law, the average degradation rate of high-carbon n-alkanes (75.55%) was higher than that of low-carbon n-alkanes (62.98%). It showed that the n-alkanes had the highest degradation rate among the total petroleum hydrocarbons. The degradation rate of hopane could reach more than 90% by this mixed bacterial agent, and the degradation rate of 22S-31,32,33,34-tetrakishomohopane was the highest. The mixed bacterial agent could not only promote the transformation of pregnane, but also significantly improved the degradation of rearranged gonane. Among the gonane compounds, 4-methyl-24-ethyl-cholestane had the highest degradation rate. In terms of biological evolution characteristics, the mixed bacterial agent didn''t show obvious advantages in degrading the odd-even carbon n-alkanes. The stereoscopic structure''s transformation parameter of hopane was higher than that of gonane, which revealed the reason why the degradation of hopane was easier than gonane. The study shows that the mixed bacterial agent of n-alkanes, hopane and gonane had a good degradation effect on various petroleum hydrocarbons.