我国北方某地区居民饮水暴露参数研究

饮水率是决定人体对水中污染物暴露和健康风险评估准确性的关键暴露参数之一,但我国至今没有其公开的调查结果,更未发布过与其相关的参数手册.采用问卷调查和实际测量的方法,对我国北方某地区城、乡2500名居民的夏、秋季节直接饮水和食物间接饮水的特征进行了研究,并与国外情况进行了对比分析.结果表明:该地区男性、女性和全体被调查者饮水率平均值分别为2852.8,2586.4和2720.5mL/d,各年龄段居民的食物间接饮水率都明显大于直接饮水率,在总饮水率中间接饮水率所占比例平均值达到62.4%;全体被调查者直接饮水率比美国和日本分别高36.0%和54.0%.开展饮水健康风险评价时,应考虑城、乡人群的差异,且不可忽略间接饮用水的影响,采用国外的饮水率将可能增加风险的不确定性.

Drinking Water Related Exposure Factors in a Typical Area of Northern China

Drinking water intake rate is a key parameter to evaluate human exposure and risk to water pollutants.However,surveys on drinking water-related exposure factors are still lacking,and no exposure factor handbook has been published in China.In this study,direct drinking water intake rate and indirect drinking water intake rate from food in summer and autumn were investigated using questionnaire surveys and real measurement methods in 2500 selected subjects from urban and rural districts in a typical area of northern China,and compared with the data from other countries.The research results indicate that average drinking water intake rates for male,female and all subjects were 2852.8,2586.4 and 2720.5 mL/d,respectively.The proportion of indirect average intake rates for all subjects out of total intake rate was about 62.4%,which is higher than that of the direct intake rate.The direct intake rates are 36.0% and 54.0% higher than those in USA and Japan,respectively.Indirect water intake rates and the difference between urban and rural people should be taken into account in terms of the risk assessment of drinking water.Using exposure factors from other countries will likely cause huge uncertainties in human risk assessment.