广东货船水运的温室气体排放和低碳发展对策

作为我国港口大省和低碳试点省,广东需先行测算船舶水运的GHG(温室气体)排放量基线,以探究低碳水运对策. 通过文献调研收集适用数据和资料,基于引擎功率法,测算了广东抵港货船在2010年的GHG排放量. 结果表明:广东专属经济区海域内货船水运的GHG总排放量为2887×104t,不确定性在-36%~45%之间,其中在领海区域内的排放量为730×104t；远洋集装箱船是GHG最大排放源,占总排放量的43%；集装箱船、干散货船、油轮和其他货船的GHG排放量不确定性均介于-30%~50%之间,远洋货船的主引擎在正常航行模式下输出功率是最主要的不确定性源. 基于分析船舶水运的GHG排放特征,提出船舶减速、向远洋货船供应岸电和内河货船主引擎转用天然气共3项低碳节能措施,共可减排40%的GHG排放量.该研究结果不仅为广东低碳水运发展提供基础性的GHG排放数据,也可为其他港口地区提供估算水运业GHG排放量的技术方法参考和实践经验. 

Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Cargo Vessels and Low-Carbon Shipping Strategies in Guangdong Province

As one of the provincial low carbon pilots and a major port province in China, Guangdong should be pioneered in estimation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from cargo vessels and exploration of low-carbon shipping strategies. A power-based method, based on the best available data and information from literatures, was employed to estimate GHG emissions from cargo vessels visiting Guangdong''s ports in 2010.It was estimated that total GHG emissions were 28.87million t CO_2with uncertainties of -36%-45% within the exclusive economic zone, including 7.30million t CO_2within the territorial waters. The ocean-going container vessel was the largest emitter regarding vessel type, accounting for 43% of total GHG emissions. Uncertainties of GHG emissions from container vessels, dry bulk carriers, oil tankers and other cargo vessels ranged from -30%-50%, and the power output from main engines of ocean going vessels in cruise mode contributed most to the emission uncertainties. By analyzing characteristics of GHG emissions from cargo vessels, effective low-carbon shipping strategies were suggested, including vessel speed reduction, onshore power supply for ocean going vessels and usage of natural gas as fuel for the main engines of river trade vessels. A 40% reduction potential for shipping GHG emissions would be achieved in response to the implementation of above three strategies. This study provides not only fundamental GHG emission-related data that promotes low-carbon shipping development in Guangdong, but also a theoretical methodology and a practical experience in developing GHG emission inventory from shipping in other port areas.