中国能源生态安全影响评估与政策建议

不理想的能源生产与消费结构和建设生态文明的发展战略存在显著矛盾，生态安全问题已经成为制约我国能源开发利用的重要因素之一，因此，在能源结构优化决策过程中需要对能源开发利用的生态安全影响程度进行定量化评估.应用PSR（pressure-state-response，压力-状态-响应）模型，从实现能源安全与生态安全协同发展视角，建立国家能源生态安全影响评估指标体系和指数模型，对我国2005-2016年的能源生态安全影响进行评估，并从保障国家生态安全的视角提出优化能源开发利用的若干建议.研究显示，2005-2016年我国能源生态安全影响评估指数（文中涉及"全国"的各要素范围均未包含港澳台地区）从44.5升至66.4，能源开发利用对生态安全的影响日益减轻，能源开发利用与生态环境安全之间矛盾有所缓解，但部分优化能源开发利用的响应措施执行不力，应从注重能源开发利用与生态文明建设的协调性、强化能源绿色低碳发展倒逼机制、完善能源行业绿色低碳化发展的经济激励政策、认真执行环境影响评价制度、大力提升化石能源的清洁高效开发利用水平、优化水电开发的生态安全格局和重视非化石能源开发利用的生态安全问题等方面优化我国的能源开发利用. 

China's Energy Ecological Security Impact Assessment and Policy Recommendations

There are significant contradictions between the unsatisfactory energy production and consumption structure and the national development strategy of ecological civilization. The issue of ecological security has become one of the important factors restricting the development and utilization of energy in China. A quantitative assessment method of the degree of ecological security impact by energy development and utilization is provided for decision-making on energy structure optimization. The national energy and ecological security impact assessment index system and quantitative assessment method was established based on the pressure-state-response model from the perspective of achieving coordinated development of energy security and ecological security. The national energy and ecological security impact in China (the study area does not include HongKong, Macao and Taiwan) from 2005 to 2016 was evaluated, and some measures to optimize the energy structure were put forward. The results show that China''s energy ecological security impact assessment index increased significantly from 44.5 to 66.4 from 2005 to 2016, so that the contradiction between energy development and ecological security is gradually being eased. However, some of the measures to optimize energy development and utilization have been poorly implemented. Decision-makers need to promote the coordinated development of energy and the environment and maintain the national ecological security.