漯河市PM10和PM2.5中水溶性离子浓度特征及其来源解析

为了研究漯河市PM_2.5和PM₁₀及其水溶性离子变化特征，于2017年5月—2018年2月在漯河市3个采样点同步采集PM_2.5和PM₁₀样品，分别获得PM_2.5和PM₁₀有效样品191和190个.用离子色谱法分析样品中F-、Cl-、NO₃-、SO₄2-、Na+、NH₄+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+等9种水溶性无机离子.结果表明:在采样期间，漯河市ρ（PM_2.5）平均值为72.42 μg/m3，其中ρ（总无机水溶性离子）的年均值为34.76 μg/m3，占ρ（PM_2.5）的46.72%；ρ（PM₁₀）平均值为126.52 μg/m3，其中ρ（总无机水溶性离子）的年均值为46.40 μg/m3，占ρ（PM₁₀）的35.67%.2种颗粒物水溶性离子质量浓度的季节性变化均呈冬季高、夏季低的趋势.PM_2.5/PM₁₀〔ρ（PM_2.5）/ρ（PM₁₀）〕在四季分别为0.50、0.61、0.56、0.57.采样期间漯河市PM_2.5中NOR（氮氧化率）和SOR（硫氧化率）的年均值分别为0.17和0.30，PM₁₀中NOR和SOR的年均值分别为0.22和0.34，说明颗粒物中SO₄2-的二次转化效率高于NO₃-.PM_2.5和PM₁₀在采样期间均呈弱碱性，且碱性在夏季最强，秋季最弱.利用PMF模型分析PM_2.5和PM₁₀中水溶性离子的主要来源发现，PM_2.5中水溶性离子来源主要包括生物质燃烧源、燃煤源、建筑扬尘源、工业源和二次污染源，PM₁₀中水溶性离子来源主要包括燃煤源、建筑扬尘源、二次污染源、生物质燃烧源和工业源.研究显示，漯河市颗粒物污染中水溶性离子来源复杂，应采取多源控制的污染防治措施. 

Characteristics of Water-Soluble Ion Concentration Associated with PM10 and PM2.5 and Source Apportionment in Luohe City

To investigate characteristics of water-soluble ions (WSIs) associated with PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in Luohe City, 191 PM_2.5 samples and 190 PM₁₀ samples were collected simultaneously at three sampling sites in Luohe City from May 2017 to February 2018. Nine inorganic WSIs were analyzed by ion chromatography, including F-, Cl-, NO₃-, SO₄2-, Na+, NH₄+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+. The results showed that during the sampling period, the average concentrations of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were 72.42 and 126.52 μg/m3, respectively. The average concentration of total WSIs bounded to PM_2.5 was 34.76 μg/m3, accounting for 46.72% of PM_2.5, while the average concentration of total WSIs bounded to PM₁₀ was 46.40 μg/m3, accounting for 35.67% of PM₁₀. The WSIs concentrations of both PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. The ratios of PM_2.5/PM₁₀ in four seasons were 0.50, 0.61, 0.56 and 0.57, respectively. The means of nitrogen oxidation rate (NOR) and sulfur oxidation rate (SOR) were 0.17 and 0.30 for PM_2.5, and 0.22 and 0.34 for PM₁₀, indicating that the SO₄2- particle conversion rate was higher than NO₃-. PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were weakly alkaline during the sampling period, and the alkalinity was the highest in summer, and the lowest in autumn. PMF model was used to analyze the main sources of water-soluble ions in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀. The results of the model analyses show that the sources of WSIs in PM_2.5 were mainly biomass and coal burning emissions, building dusts, industrial and secondary pollutions; sources of WSIs in PM₁₀ mainly were coal burning emissions, building dust, secondary pollution, biomass burning and industrial sources. In conclusion, the source of WSIs in particulate matter is complex in Luohe City. Different countermeasures should be taken according to the pollution characteristies.