区域物种保育更新服务功能综合评估

物种保育更新及生物多样性维持是生态系统服务功能综合评估的热点和难点问题.鉴于当前物种保育更新服务功能综合评估技术方法体系及实际应用过程中区域可比较性的不足削弱了生物多样性的有效监管，以物种保育更新服务功能为研究对象，基于物种濒危程度、生态保护成效、核算结果可重复及陆海统一这4项评估原则，借鉴能值理论构建了综合考虑物种更新率、生境质量调整系数、不同濒危等级指数和单个物种能值转换率的评估方法，并以厦门市陆地和海洋的物种为研究案例，将2010作为基准年、2015年为评估年进行综合评估.结果表明:评估年相比基准年陆地物种保育更新服务的能值量由1.14×1020 sej增至1.21×1020 sej，海洋由1.56×1020 sej增至3.32×1020 sej，海洋变化程度较陆地显著.厦门市北部山区较南部沿海区域生境质量维持较好，2010—2015年期间整体变化趋好，局部受到轻微扰动.厦门陆地与海洋历史时期出现且纳入计算的动植物物种数为5 110种，其中陆地物种数为1 321种，海洋物种数为3 879种，而中国特有种和福建省重点保护物种为物种数占比最多的保护等级.研究显示，陆地物种受保护等级程度较高，面临受威胁和濒危的物种也较多，各类保护等级对物种保育作用显著；修正的综合评估方法体系能够弥补生态系统服务主流化研究的不足，可为生物多样性保护的规范性与科学性提供参考价值. 

Comprehensive Assessment of Regional Species Conservation and Updating Services

Conservation and updating of species and biodiversity maintenance are important and difficult problems in comprehensive assessment of ecosystem services. Currently, there are problems with existing techniques for comprehensive assessment of the species conservation and updating service function and insufficient regional comparability during actual applications, which weaken the effective monitoring of biodiversity. The species conservation and updating service function was studied based on four assessment principles: degree of species endangerment, effectiveness of ecological conservation efforts, reproducibility of results, and the terrestrial-marine unity. The emergy theory was used to establish an assessment method that comprehensively considers the species updating rate, habitat quality adjustment coefficient, species endangerment indexes, and the emergy conversion rate for single species. The terrestrial and marine species in Xiamen City served as the study samples, with year 2010 as the base year and year 2015 as the assessment year for comprehensive assessment. Results showed that the energy value for the terrestrial species conservation and update service in the evaluation year increased from 1.14×10²⁰ sej to 1.21×10²⁰ sej, and that for the marine species changed from 1.56×10²⁰ sej to 3.32×10²⁰ sej. The degree of change in the marine species was found to be more significant than the terrestrial organisms. The habitat quality of northern mountains in Xiamen City was better than in the southern coastal regions. The overall trend was good in 2010-2015, with mild local disturbances. During the terrestrial and marine history of Xiamen City, a total of 5110 animal and plant species were found, including 1321 terrestrial species and 3879 marine species. Among these species endemic to China and key protected species in Fujian Province made up the largest portion. The study indicated the grade of protection for terrestrial species was higher than for marine species and showed there were more threatened and endangered terrestrial species. Various protection grades have significant effects on species conservation. The revised comprehensive assessment system can compensate for the shortcomings in mainstream research into ecosystem services and it has reference values for the standardization of scientific biodiversity conservation.