人体健康水质基准特征参数研究及应用

人体健康水质基准是指在摄入饮用水和水产品时，保护人群健康不受危害的相对应水体中污染物的浓度.我国近年来系统开展了水质基准的研究，但在人体健康水质基准方面的报道相对较少.为保护我国人群健康免受水体中污染物的危害，依据人体健康水质基准制定方法，对基准制定过程中涉及的我国人群暴露参数〔体重（BW）、饮水量（DI）和水产品摄入量（FI）〕和水环境参数〔溶解性有机碳（DOC）、颗粒态有机碳（POC）浓度以及水生生物脂质分数〕进行研究与总结，建议在制定我国人体健康水质基准时，普通人群暴露参数BW、DI和FI分别采用61.9 kg、2.785 L/d和0.030 1 kg/d，水环境参数DOC和POC浓度分别采用2.68和0.73 mg/L，第2、3、4营养级淡水水生生物的脂质分数分别采用2.47%、3.08%、3.16%.基于我国人群暴露参数和水环境参数，推导了12种多环芳烃（PAHs）的人体健康水质基准，其中苯并a]芘的基准值（4.53×10-4 μg/L）最小，蒽的基准值（173 μg/L）最大.此外，在人体健康水质基准的制定过程中，除饮水途径外，建议充分考虑食用水产品对人体健康产生的危害效应；针对关注区域、年龄组与致癌风险水平不同造成的基准值的较大差异，建议在人体健康水质基准制定过程中对其予以充分考虑. 

Study and Recommendation on Characteristic Parameters of the Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Human Health

Water quality criteria (WQC) for the protection of human health is used to protect human health from adverse effect of pollutants in water when consuming drinking water and aquatic products. Study on WQC was carried out in recent years, but report about human health WQC was lacking. Human health WQC characteristic parameters like exposure factors of Chinese population and parameters of water quality were required in developing WQC values protected for Chinese population. Human health WQC characteristic parameters (body weight (BW), drinking water intake (DI), fish intake (FI), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC) concentration and lipid fraction) were studied and recommended in this work. The recommended exposure factors of BW, DI and FI for the general population were 61.9 kg, 2.785 L/d and 0.0301 kg/d, recommended DOC and POC concentrations were 2.68 and 0.73 mg/L, and recommended lipid fractions for trophic level 2, 3 and 4 were 2.47%, 3.08% and 3.16%, respectively. Human health WQC for 12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) based on the above recommended characteristic parameters were derived in this work. Among the WQC values of 12 PAHs, WQC value for benzo (a) pyrene is the lowest (4.53×10-4 μg/L), and anthracene is the highest (173 μg/L). In addition, we suggest that the human health risk from intake of aquatic product should be adequately considered (except for only considering the pollutants in drinking water) in the development of water quality criteria of surface water in China. According to the large difference of human health WQC values based on the characteristic parameters from different region, age group and carcinogenic risk level, we also suggest that the differences of characteristic parameters from different region, age group and carcinogenic risk level should be considered.