武汉市某居民区典型场所微生物气溶胶调查及健康风险评价

为了解武汉市新冠肺炎疫情后居民区微生物气溶胶分布特征及风险状况，以成熟社区——常青花园居民区为例对典型场所的微生物气溶胶分布及风险进行了评估.利用Andersen-6级空气微生物采样器于2020年10-12月对该居民区6处典型场所进行采样，通过平板菌落计数法监测微生物气溶胶浓度，采用《中国人群暴露参数手册（成人卷）》对采样点的暴露风险进行了评估.结果表明:①采样点微生物气溶胶浓度表现为生鲜市场>地下停车场>美食街>中心篮球场>中心广场>绿地亭.②不同场所细菌及真菌气溶胶浓度存在差异，细菌及真菌气溶胶最高浓度分别在生鲜市场（1 525.32±1 311.31）CFU/m3]和美食街（1 296.82±113.84）CFU/m3].③以典型场所空气微生物气溶胶浓度作为评价标准，中心篮球场、绿地亭和中心广场空气较为清洁，生鲜市场及地下停车场为轻微污染，美食街为轻度污染.④典型场所微生物气溶胶中值粒径均小于4.7 μm，表明微生物气溶胶容易进入人体下呼吸道，易引起居民下呼吸道感染.⑤10-12月，典型场所HQ（hazard quotient，危险系数）值均小于1，表明常青花园居民区受微生物气溶胶暴露的健康风险较小.研究显示，在新冠肺炎疫情防控常态化下，常青花园居民区空气状况良好，符合后疫情时代对卫生条件的要求. 

Microbial Aerosol Investigation and Health Risk Assessment of Residential Area in Wuhan City

In order to investigate the distribution and risk of microbial aerosols in residential areas after the COVID-19 in Wuhan Ctiy, Changqing Garden residential area, a mature community was selected as a case in this study. From October to December 2020, the Andersen-sixstage microbial air sampler was used to collect samples in six typical places in this residential area, and the microbial aerosol concentration was determined by the plate count method. In addition, the health risk assessment was evaluated according to the Chinese Population Exposure Parameters Manual (Adult Volume). The results showed that: (1) The concentration of microbial aerosol can be ranked in this order: fresh food market > underground parking lot > food street > central basketball court > central square > green pavilion. (2) The concentration of bacteria and fungus aerosol was different in different places, and the maximum aerosol concentration occurred in the fresh food market ((1525.32±1311.31) CFU/m3) and the food street ((1296.82±113.84) CFU/m3), respectively. (3) Take the air microbial concentration in typical places as the evaluation standard: the central basketball court, green pavilion and central square were clean, the fresh food market and underground parking lot were slightly polluted, and the food court was lightly pollution. (4) The median diameter of microbial aerosols was less than 4.7 μm, which can easily cause lower respiratory tract infections in residents. (5) The Hazard Quotient (HQ) of the typical places from October to December 2020 was less than 1, indicating that the health risk of microbial aerosol exposure in Changqing Garden residential area was relatively small. This research shows that the air quality of the Changqing Garden residential area is good under the epidemic prevention and control normalized measures, which meets the requirements for sanitary conditions in the post-COVID-19 era.