无机助催化(类)芬顿反应降解有机污染物的研究进展

芬顿技术常用于去除水中的有机污染物，通过向溶液中加入Fe2+和H₂O₂便可以产生自由基并进一步氧化有机物，但传统的芬顿技术总是伴随着诸如铁泥、较窄的pH适用范围等缺点. 近年来，以MoS₂为代表的一类无机助催化剂可以有效地促进(类)芬顿反应中Fe2+/Fe3+的循环以及反应中自由基的生成，MoS₂因其表面存在的还原态金属活性中心可以有效地还原Fe3+或Co3+等金属离子并减少元素的流失. 为了进一步明确无机助催化剂的性能和微观机制，本文综述了以MoS₂为代表的助催化剂在均相和非均相芬顿反应中对于H₂O₂及PMS的活化效果. 结果表明:无论是在均相还是非均相(类)芬顿反应中，MoS₂、CoS₂等表面存在的还原态金属活性中心均能显著促进(类)芬顿反应中金属离子的循环，并提高反应中强氧化性活性氧物种的浓度，而一些助催化剂在助催化芬顿反应的同时，甚至可以自产活性氧物种或是自主活化PMS. 但目前的研究仍存在一些不足，如无机助催化剂极有可能会给反应体系带来重金属离子的二次污染，一般的非均相催化剂及助催化剂的使用时限较短，并不能满足实际工业化的应用. 因此在未来的研究中，提高催化剂和助催化剂的反应稳定性和进一步提高反应活性应作为研究的重点. 其中，将纳米技术与催化剂和助催化剂的制备相结合，或进一步改善助催化剂的效能均可能有效推进无机催化剂及助催化剂在工业应用上的进程. 

Research Progress in Degradation of Organic Pollutants by Inorganic Co-Catalytic Fenton and Fenton-Like Reactions

The Fenton process has been widely employed to treat organic pollutants in water since its development. By adding Fe2+ and H₂O₂ to the solution, free radicals are generated to oxidize organic compounds. However, the traditional Fenton process is accompanied by shortcomings such as a narrow adaptable pH range and the formation of iron sludge. In recent years, novel inorganic co-catalysts represented by MoS₂ have been found to effectively promote the circulation of Fe2+/Fe3+ and the generation of free radicals in Fenton and Fenton-like reaction. MoS₂ can effectively reduce metal ions such as Fe3+ or Co3+ and abate the loss of elements due to the reduced metal active centers on the surface of MoS₂. In order to further clarify the performance and micro-mechanism of inorganic co-catalysts, the activation effects of co-catalyst represented by MoS₂ on H₂O₂ and PMS in homogeneous and heterogeneous Fenton reactions were reviewed. The results showed that whether in homogeneous or heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction, the reduced metal active centers on the surface of MoS₂ or CoS₂ could significantly promote the circulation of metal ions in Fenton-like reaction and increase the concentration of oxidizing active oxygen species in the reaction system, and some co-catalysts could even produce additional active oxygen species or activate PMS autonomously while promoting the Fenton reactions. However, there are still some shortcomings in the current research. For example, inorganic co-catalysts may cause secondary pollution of heavy metals. In addition, the service lives of common heterogeneous catalysts and co-catalysts are relatively short and inadequate for practical industrial applications. Therefore, future research should focus on improving the reaction stability and overall activity of catalysts and co-catalysts. Thereinto, the combination of nanotechnologies with the preparation of catalysts and co-catalysts, or further improvement of the efficiency of co-catalysts may greatly promote their industrial applications.