天津市道路车流量特征分析

车流量是移动源和道路扬尘排放清单计算的一个重要参数，直接影响排放清单的不确定性.为了解天津市道路车流量特征，通过人工摄录法获取天津市一年四季5种不同类型共9条道路的车流量及车型分布信息，并对其特征进行分析.结果表明:天津市不同类型道路之间车流量总体上呈快速路（8 790辆/h）>主干道（4 077辆/h）>外环线（3 335辆/h）>次干道（2 461辆/h）>支路（1 507辆/h）的特征；冬季车流量最大，而春、夏两季相对较小.各类型道路车流量占比最大的车型均为轻型车（76.88%~90.71%），中型车（5.31%~11.80%）次之，重型车（3.20%~11.31%）最少；快速路和外环线工作日的车流量大于非工作日，并且差异具有统计学意义，呈"周末效应".研究显示:次干道和支路车流量与主干道车流量呈线性相关，在后续进行道路扬尘和移动源清单编制时，可以考虑通过将主干道车流量与次干道、支路拟合的方式减小工作量；此外，主干道、次干道和支路的早高峰，上、下午平峰，中午和晚高峰的车流量差异不大，可将一天划分为白天、夜晚和凌晨3个时段进行统计，从而节约时间和成本. 

Distribution Characteristics of Traffic Volume for Typical Roads in Tianjin City

The traffic volume is a very important parameter in the emission inventory of mobile sources and road dust, which directly affects the uncertainty of the emission inventory. This study collected the traffic volume and vehicle type data of 9 roads in Tianjin City using traveling data recorders, and analyzed their characteristics. The results were as follows:the traffic volume among different types of roads in Tianjin City showed the characteristics of express way (8790 vehicles/h) > major arterial (4077 vehicles/h) > outer ring line (3335 vehicles/h) > minor arterial (2461 vehicles/h) > branch road (1507 vehicles/h), and the traffic volume in winter was the highest, while the traffic volumes in spring and summer were lower. The percentage of the light vehicles was the greatest on all types of roads (76.88%-90.71%), and the second was midsize vehicles (5.31%-11.80%), the heavy vehicles were the last (3.20%-11.31%). The traffic volume of the express way and the outer ring line during weekdays was greater than that of the weekends, and there was statistically significant difference, showing the 'weekend effect'. Besides, the traffic volume of the minor arterial and branch road was linearly related to that of the major arterial, so it could be considered that reducing the workload by fitting the major arterial traffic volume with that of minor arterial and branch road in the subsequent research in the emission inventory of mobile sources and road dust. And there is little difference in the traffic volume between the peak hours and off-peak hours in major arterial, minor arterial and branch road, so the whole day can be divided into three periods of time, day, night and early morning in order to save time and costs.