流域管理的形成、特征及发展趋势

流域管理是一门新兴学科,是以流域为尺度,统筹流域资源管理、保护和利用的管理体系,也是为实现科学、可持续发展和生态文明建设而发展出的管理科学的研究方向. 深入剖析了流域管理概念的形成与发展,总结了水资源统一管理、水质目标控制管理和综合统一管理3种管理模式的管理目标、特点和不足,并指出现代流域管理应形成流域-区域-控制单元-污染源多层次一体化的污染控制目标体系；论述了我国流域管理的实践与发展过程,结合辽河流域管理实践,阐述了未来流域管理呈现管理手段的智能化、管理方式的生态化、管理机制的一体化的发展趋势. 

Research on Formations, Characteristics and Development Trend of Watershed Management

As an emerging subject, watershed management is a system coordinating management, reservation and utilization of watershed resources at basin scale, and it is also a subdiscipline of management science for achieving scientific and sustainable development, and ecological civilization construction. In this paper, the formation and development of watershed management were comprehensively interpreted and the management objectives, features and shortcomings of three types of management models including unified water resource management, water quality target control management and integrated unified management were summarized. The multi-level and unified pollution control system covering watershed-region-pollution control unit-pollution source should be established for modern watershed management. Through the discussions about the development of watershed management in China in combination with the practice in Liaohe River Basin, the contents related to development trend of intelligent management tools, ecological management, and integrated management mechanisms for watershed management was expounded.