碳素纤维对富营养化水体的水质改善与对藻类群落结构的影响

以北京朝阳区清河水为原水,开展碳素纤维生物修复试验,考察生物膜从形成到成熟及处理过程中碳素纤维外观、生物相结构、氮磷浓度及藻类群落结构的变化. 结果表明,碳素纤维在3 d内挂膜成功且生物相丰富,说明其生物亲和性强,吸附性能好. 碳素纤维生物膜对氮、磷具有较好的去除效果,TN、TP、NH₄+-N去除率分别达40%、60%、98%,其中对氮、磷的去除以吸附水体中颗粒态污染物为主. 碳素纤维生物膜对富营养化水体藻类的增殖有明显的抑制作用,尤其对蓝藻的抑制作用显著,藻类总密度和蓝藻密度达到最大值的时间与对照组相比延迟6 d,且藻类总密度及蓝藻密度都低于对照组. 碳素纤维生物膜还影响水体中的藻类群落结构,试验期间水体中以硅藻为主,蓝藻所占比例平均为22.4%,而对照组中以蓝绿藻占优,蓝藻平均所占比例高达47.2%. 

Impacts of Carbon Fiber on Eutrophic Water Quality Improvement and Its Algal Community Structure

Polluted water samples collected from Qing Lake in Chaoyang district in Beijing were treated by carbon fiber in an aquarium reactor in a climate chamber. The variations of microorganisms and algae were recorded by an optical microscope, and the concentrations of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) were measured by spectrophotometry. The results were as follows:1) using carbon fiber as a biofilm carrier, the biological membrane grew regularly only after three days; 2) carbon fiber had preferable adsorbability and biological compatibility; 3) the surface microbial morphology was in a good state, and the removal efficiencies of TN, TP and NH₄⁺-N were above 40%, 60% and 98%, respectively; 4) the species of algae were mostly diatoms in the water treated by biofilm, and were mostly blue algae without treatment; 5) compared with the control, the time for the maximum cyanobacteria density to occur was delayed for six days when the carbon fiber existed; 6) the ratio of cyanobacteria decreased from 47.2% to 22.4% when the biofilm existed.