典型农林害虫分布与气候要素的关系

采用国家气象信息中心1971—2000年气候标准值年值数据集,运用Arc GIS 9.2软件和相关分析方法,初步分析了我国70种地理分布相对狭窄的典型农林害虫的分布格局与气候要素的关系.结果表明:在70种害虫中,有33种分布极狭窄,其他37种中有22种呈地域连续分布、15种呈间断分布.多数害虫适宜分布在多年平均气温10～20℃、年降水量400～1 600 mm、多年平均相对湿度60%～80%、年日照时数1 500～2 000 h范围.多数害虫适应多年平均气温变化幅度在20℃以下,适应极端气温变化幅度较宽;多数害虫适应年降水量变化幅度较大,适应多年平均相对湿度变化幅度较小;多数害虫适应年日照时数变化幅度较大.70种害虫丰富度与多年平均气温、多年平均最高和最低气温及极端最低气温相关性显著(P<0.05),丰富度随各气候要素总体上呈抛物线变化趋势.这表明70种分布相对狭窄的典型农林害虫地理分布格局与气候要素间存在一定的相关性,但影响不同害虫分布的气候因子不同.

Relationship between the Geographic Distribution Patterns of Typical Agricultural and Forest Pest Species with Climatic Factors in China

Based on the standard climatic database for the period 1971 to 2000 provided by the National Meteorological Information Center of the China Meteorological Administration,the relationship between the geographical distribution patterns of 70 agricultural and forest pest species with narrow geographic ranges and climatic factors were analyzed by using Arc GIS 9.2 software and correlation analysis methods.The results show that 33 pest species had very narrow geographic ranges.22 of the other 37 pest species were continuously distributed,and 15 species were discontinuously distributed.The majority of the 70 pest species adapted to a habitat with an annual mean temperature of 10-20 ℃,annual sunshine duration of 1500-2500 h,relative humidity of 60%-80% and annual precipitation of 400-1600 mm.Most pest species were adaptable to a mean air temperature range below 20 ℃ and could tolerate extreme air temperatures.Most pest species could adapt to a wide precipitation range,but their adaptation to humidity was relatively narrow.Most pest species lived well in wide range of sunshine hours.There was a significant correlation between richness of pests and annual mean air temperature,annual maximum and minimum air temperature and extreme minimum air temperature(P<0.05).The changing of richness showed a parabolic shape under different climates.The results indicated that the geographical distribution patterns of the 70 pest species were influenced by climatic factors,and the distributions of the different pest species were constrained by the different climatic factors.