海南省人类活动对自然生态的影响

将社会库存、水资源足迹和污染足迹纳入生态足迹需求计算模型，改进和完善了生态足迹需求理论与方法. 依据海南省统计年鉴资料，计算并分析了海南省1952—2004年的生态足迹，揭示了海南省52年来对自然资源利用的状况和特征.结果表明:①海南省可再生资源生态足迹占总生态足迹的绝大部分，二者呈同步增长态势，但距离在加大；②海南省对自然资源的利用主要集中于海洋、耕地和能源用地，对草地、林地、淡水水域和建设用地的利用强度相对较小，对水资源的利用强度明显减少；③海南省万元GDP生态足迹呈下降趋势，资源利用效益逐步提高. 海南省生态足迹动态变化的原因包括:①海南省生态足迹的变化是海南省经济生产和消费结构变化的结果，经济和人口增长导致资源的大量消耗，是造成生态足迹不断上升的主要原因；②海南省经济生产的主要方式是农业，农业问题是海南省可持续发展需要解决的首要问题；③海南省对耕地、林地和水资源的利用逐步下降，近几年对水域特别是海洋动物性食品的需求急剧增加，这是居民收入水平上涨的结果。 

Effect of Human Activities on Natural Ecology in Hainan Province

The demand theory and model of ecological footprint was improved by adding society stock, water resources ecological footprint and contaminated ecological footprint into the computed model. The ecological footprint of Hainan Province from 1952 to 2004 was computed and analyzed, and the natural resources utilization status and characteristics illuminated based on the existing data of Hainan Province Statistical Yearbooks. The results are: ① The renewable resources accounted for most section of total ecological footprint; they both increased synchronously although the difference increased. ② The land use of Hainan for natural resources concentrated on arable land, sea and fossil energy land; utility intensity of pasture, forest, fresh waters and built-up areas was comparatively lower and the exploitation for water resources decreased largely. ③ The ecological footprint of per unit GDP of Hainan represented the descending trend, indicating that the efficiency of resource using is gradually increasing. The causes ofdynamic changes of ecological footprint in Hainan were analyzed: ① The change of ecological footprint is the result of economic development and consumption structure. The growth of economy and population caused a great deal of depletion of the resources, which is the main cause of the increase of ecological footprint. ② Agriculture is the main way of economic development, which is the first problem that needed to be solved in sustainable development. ③ The decrease of arable land, forest and water resources use and the increase of demand for water products, in particular for ocean animal food, in recent years were the result of the increase of resident income.