喀斯特锑矿植被恢复区植物多样性及群落稳定性

了解喀斯特锑矿区植物群落结构及稳定性对生态恢复和群落构建具有重要意义，本研究以贵州晴隆大厂镇锑矿植被恢复区(锑矿区)为研究对象，并选择锑矿区周边未被破坏的植物群落作为对照区展开研究. 基于样方法对锑矿区和对照区进行植被调查，分析了植物物种多样性及群落(群落、乔木层、灌木层和草本层)的Godron稳定性. 结果表明:锑矿区植物共22种，分属14科18属，且有16种为草本植物，低于对照区的30科53属68种；豆科(Leguminosae)、禾本科(Poaceae)、菊科(Compositae)、蔷薇科(Rosaceae)和荨麻科(Urticaceae)各有2~4种，且以被子植物的双子叶植物为主(共11科13属17种)，占总物种数的77.27%. 锑矿区优势植物以亮叶桦(Betula luminifera)、苎麻(Boehmeria nivea)、密蒙花(Buddleja officinalis)、茅莓(Rubus parvifolius)、水麻(Boehmeria penduliflora)和插田泡(Rubus coreanus)为主；对照区优势植物以亮叶桦、油桐(Vernicia fordii)、杨树(Populus simonii)、响叶杨(Populus adenopoda)和香樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)为主. 锑矿区与对照区乔灌植物的密度间差异不显著(P>0.05)，但锑矿区植物高度101~130 cm、131~200 cm和>200 cm的物种数显著低于对照区(P<0.05). 锑矿区乔木层和灌木层物种丰富度和Shannon-Wiener指数显著低于对照区(P<0.05)，物种丰富度分别比对照区显著降低了82.8%和89.5%(P<0.05)，Shannon-Wiener指数分别比对照区显著降低了100%和94.8%(P<0.05). Godron稳定性分析结果表明，锑矿区植物群落不稳定. 综上，锑矿区物种组成简单，物种多样性低且不稳定，处于植被演替早期阶段. 

Plant Species Diversity and Community Stability in Vegetation Restoration Area of Karst Antimony Mining Sites in Guizhou,China

Understanding the structure and stability characteristics of plant communities in karst antimony (Sb) mining area is of great importance for the ecological restoration of the damaged area. In this study, the Sb mining area in Dachang Town, Qinglong County, Guizhou Province was selected and surveyed. The vegetation restoration area of Sb mining (Sb mining area) and the undamaged area with similar vegetation as in the mining area were used as the experimental group and the control group, respectively. The species diversity of the plant communities and the Godron stability of the community, shrub layer, and herb layer were analyzed. The results showed that there was a total of 22 recorded plant species, and 16 out of 22 were herbs in the Sb mining area, belonging to 14 families and 18 genera, which were lower than the 68 species belonging to 30 families and 53 genera in the control sites. The dicotyledons plants (11 families, 13 genera, and 17 species) accounted for 77.27% of the total species, and 2-4 species of Leguminosae, Poaceae, Compositae, Rosaceae and Urticaceae were recorded in the Sb mining area. The dominant plants were mainly Betula luminifera, Boehmeria nivea, Buddleja officinalis, Rubus parvifolius, Boehmeria penduliflora, and Rubus coreanus in the Sb mining area; Vernicia fordii, Populus simonii, Populus adenopoda, and Cinnamomum camphora were the main dominant plants in the control sites. There was no significant difference in the density of trees and shrubs between the Sb mining area and the control sites (P>0.05), while the number of plant species with heights of 101-130 cm, 131-200 cm, and >200 cm in the Sb mining area were significantly lower than that in the control sites (P<0.05). The species richness of tree layer and shrub layer in the Sb mining area was significantly lower than that of the control sites by 82.8% and 89.5%, respectively (P<0.05). The Shannon-Wiener index of tree layer and shrub layer in the Sb mining area was significantly lower than that of the control by 100% and 94.8%, respectively (P<0.05). The Godron stability indicated that the plant community in the Sb mining area was unstable. In summary, the simple species composition and low and unstable species diversity in the Sb mining area indicate an early stage of succession in the plant community.