我国生态产品价值核算的研究进展、问题与展望

生态产品价值核算是践行“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念的关键路径，是促进生态产品价值实现的重要基础性工作.近年来，相关学者和科研机构围绕生态产品价值核算的基础理论、技术方法与成果应用开展了大量研究，生态产品价值核算逐渐成为生态经济学研究的热点和难点.为系统梳理我国生态产品价值核算的研究进展，识别核算过程中存在的问题与不足，本文采用文献分析与系统归纳的方法，总结了生态产品价值核算的发展历程，解读了国家对相关工作的部署安排与地方实践进展，识别了生态产品价值核算在核算范围与技术方法等方面存在的问题.本研究将生态产品价值核算发展历程划分为科学探索、实践推进和深化铺开3个阶段；发现了我国在当前研究中普遍将生态产品价值等同于生态系统生产总值(GEP)和生态系统服务价值的现象；明确了生态产品价值在当前无法被精确核算且核算结果不具有实际经济意义的现状.针对生态产品价值核算科目与范围不一致、实物量评估方法不确定性大以及价值量定价机制主观性强等问题，研究指出，生态产品价值核算的发展是一个长期和近期相结合的过程，应当像GDP一样核算GEP，下一步地方推进工作建议从完善基础理论框架、建立统计核算技术、形成地方业务...

Research Progress,Problems and Prospects of Ecosystem Products Value Accounting in China

The ecosystem product value accounting is the key path to implement the concept of ‘Lucid Waters and Lush Mountains are Invaluable Assets’ and is an important basic work to promote the realization of ecosystem product value. In recent years, scholars and research institutions have conducted a lot of research on the basic theory, technical methods, and application of ecosystem product value accounting, ecosystem product value accounting has gradually become a hot spot and a difficult point in ecological economics research. In order to systematically sort out the research progress of ecosystem product value accounting in China and identify the problems and shortcomings in the process of accounting, this research adopts the methods of literature analysis and systematic generalization to summarize the development history of ecosystem products value accounting, interpret the deployment arrangements of national work and the progress of local practice, and identify the problems of ecosystem product value accounting in terms of accounting scope and technical methods. This study divides the development process of ecosystem products value accounting into three stages: scientific exploration, practical promotion and deepening. It is found that the value of ecosystem product is generally equal to the value of gross ecosystem products (GEP) and ecosystem service in China. It clarifies that the value of ecosystem product cannot be accurately calculated and the results do not have practical economic significance currently. Aiming at the problems of inconsistency between the scope of ecosystem product value accounting, the uncertainty of physical quantity methods, and the strong subjectivity of pricing mechanism, the study points out that the development of ecosystem product value accounting is a combination of long-term and near-term processes, and GEP should be accounted for like GDP. In the next step, local promotion work should continue to improve the basic theoretical framework, establish statistical accounting techniques, form local operational capacities, and promote the application of accounting results, so as to provide theoretical and technical support for the establishment of a sound mechanism for realizing ecosystem product value.