京津冀地区大气污染联防联控机制实施效果及完善建议

回顾了我国京津冀地区大气污染联防联控机制发展历程，从目标效果、制度框架、措施手段等视角系统地阐述了京津冀地区大气污染联防联控机制的实施效果.结果表明:①京津冀地区大气污染联防联控的预期目标（2017年）基本实现，并且随着控制目标逐渐严格，已由年尺度细化至日尺度.②京津冀地区大气污染联防联控顶层制度框架逐渐成熟，运行机制逐渐健全统一，重污染应急管控预案趋向于成本有效性减排策略.③当前大气污染联防联控手段基本为命令控制型，在源头控制上主要采用新源环境准入、老旧源落后产能淘汰、燃煤控制与小规模炉窑综合整治等产业结构优化和能源消耗结构调整策略；在末端控制上，逐步规范和强化大气固定源排污许可证管理制度，实施精细化的移动源、面源排放管理模式.④建议加快建立京津冀地区空气质量管理常设机构，实现大气污染联防联控的长效化；建议实施区域性大气固定源排污许可证制度，在此基础上引入经济刺激型手段，建立基于京津冀地区空气质量改善目标的大气固定源排污权交易制度，让市场机制促使污染源进一步减排和污染控制技术水平的不断提升. 

Effects and Improvement Suggestions on Air Pollution Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

This paper reviews the historical process on air pollution joint prevention and control mechanism in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. The effect on air pollution joint prevention and control mechanism is systematically discussed, including the perspectives of target effect, institutional framework and control measures in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. The results show that the expected objectives of air pollution joint prevention and control in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region have been basically achieved. The control objectives have become more stringent, and have be refined from the annual scale to the daily scale. The design of top framework of air pollution joint prevention and control mechanism, as well as the operation mechanism, has been improved and unified gradually in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. The emergency management and control plans of heavy pollution tend to depend more on cost-effective emission reduction strategy. At present, the joint control measures are basically obligated command. For the sources control, the adjustment strategies for both industrial optimization and energy consumption structure, such as new source environmental access, old source outdated production capacity elimination, coal-burning control and comprehensive renovation of small-scale kilns, are adopted. For the end control, the dischargepermitsystem of atmospheric fixed source emissions is gradually standardized and strengthened. Also the implementation of mobile source and non-point source emissions management is more refined.It is suggested to establish the permanent air quality management institutions to achieve long-term joint prevention and control in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. The regional discharge permit system of atmospheric fixed source should be implemented, and a fixed-source emission trading system combined with the economic incentive methods should be established in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. Thus, the controlling of sources emission and pollution control technology could be promoted by the market mechanisms.