溶剂使用源挥发性有机物排放特征与污染控制对策

VOCs（volatile organic compounds，挥发性有机物）作为臭氧和二次有机气溶胶的关键前体物，已成为工业行业重点控制的大气污染物.源头控制作为工业源VOCs污染防治的重要手段，近5年来得到了快速发展.选取家具制造业、汽车制造业和包装印刷业作为代表性溶剂使用行业，逐生产工序检测、分析溶剂使用企业在使用传统溶剂型溶剂和新型水性溶剂时的VOCs排放特征，定量研究新型低/无VOCs溶剂替代所带来的VOCs污染特征的变化规律，分析并提出溶剂使用源VOCs污染控制对策.结果表明:不同生产工序所排放VOCs的浓度及其各物种贡献率均存在差异，使用新型水性溶剂时，酯类和烷烃为首要VOCs物种，ρ（VOCs）集中在8.77~40.21 mg/m3之间；使用传统溶剂型溶剂时，苯系物和酯类为首要VOCs物种，ρ（VOCs）分布在27.08~2 418.47 mg/m3之间，ρ（VOCs）为使用新型水性溶剂的2.78~50.00倍（以平均质量浓度计），醇类、苯系物、烯烃、酮类、酯类和烷烃的质量浓度分别为使用新型水性溶剂的75.47、19.43、18.27、5.74、5.35和1.20倍.研究显示，源头控制通常需升级配套的生产工艺及设备，但相较于末端控制和过程控制更易管控；水性溶剂替代作为现阶段溶剂使用行业源头控制的主要手段，可有效降低各排污节点的VOCs排放浓度，实现VOCs减排；同时，苯系物和烯烃排放浓度及其排放总量的削减，可降低排放废气的反应活性，从而减少溶剂使用行业二次污染物的生成量. 

Emission Profile and Control Countermeasures of Volatile Organic Compounds in Solvent-Using Source

As the key precursor of ozone and secondary organic aerosols, volatile organic compounds (VOCs)have become key air pollutants controlled by industry. Source control, as an important means of pollution control of industrial VOCs, has developed rapidly in recent five years. In this study, furniture manufacturing industry, automobile manufacturing industry and packaging and printing industry were selected as representative solvent-using industries. The VOCs emission characteristics of solvent-using enterprises using traditional organic solvents and new water-based solvents were detected and analyzed by production process. Consequently, the variation of VOCs pollution characteristics caused by new low/non-VOCs solvent substitution was analyzed. Furthermore, the control countermeasures were analyzed and suggested. The results showed that the VOCs concentration and species contribution rate of different production processes were different. When using new water-based solvents, esters and alkanes were found to be the primary pollutants, and VOCs emission concentration was concentrated at 8.77-40.21 mg/m³. When using traditional organic solvents, benzene series and esters were the primary pollutants, and VOCs emission concentration ranged from 27.08 to 2418.47 mg/m³. The averaged concentration of total VOCs was 2.78-50.00 times that of new water-based solvents, which was 75.47, 19.43, 18.27, 5.74, 5.35 and 1.20 times for alcohols, benzene series, olefins, ketones, esters and alkanes, respectively. The results showed that source control, compared with the process and end control, which required upgrading the associated technology and equipment was more reliable and easily to be managed.Meanwhile, water-based solvent substitution, as the primary source control method of solvent-use industry at present, could effectively reduce the VOCs emission of each emission node and achieve VOCs emission reduction. Furthermore, the reduction of benzene and alkene could also reduce the reactivity of exhaust gas, thus reducing the production of secondary pollutants in the solvent industry.