微塑料的环境影响行为及其在我国的分布状况

微塑料是一种存在于不同环境介质中的新兴污染物，因其分布范围广、潜在环境危害大，近年来逐渐引起人们的广泛关注.主要分析了微塑料的环境影响行为及机制，以及微塑料在我国污水处理厂、土壤、地表水和海洋等环境介质中的分布特征及影响因素.结果表明，微塑料可通过物理、化学、载体等多重作用危害生态环境健康，甚至微塑料会随着食物链由低营养级向高营养级传递，对人类食品安全造成潜在威胁.我国污水处理系统、土壤及不同水体环境（河流、湖泊、海洋及饮用水等）均受到不同程度的微塑料污染，并且其污染水平总体高于国外，这可能与我国较大的人口密度相关.进一步分析发现，我国环境中微塑料的分布呈现一定的地域差异性，其分布特征不仅与人类活动、地区经济、工业结构与发展水平等因素密切相关，同时污水处理厂的处理处置工艺、环境容量也会影响环境中微塑料的污染水平.针对我国微塑料污染研究现状，建议后续从微塑料的生物毒性效应、时空分布特征及其在环境介质中的迁移转化规律等方面进一步深入研究，以便更加全面地了解我国微塑料污染现状及其潜在的环境生态风险，并为微塑料的污染防控提供指导. 

Distribution and Potential Risks of Microplastics in China: A Review

Due to their wide distribution and huge potential risks to the environment, microplastics as emerging pollutants have aroused great public concern. This research evaluates the potential environmental risks and mechanisms of microplastics. The distribution patterns of microplastics in China and the main influencing factors in the wastewater treatment plants, soil, surface water and ocean in China are also identified. The results indicate that microplastics could exhibit ecological risks via various physical, chemical routes or serving as pollutants-carrier. Besides, microplastics could transfer via food chain and pose potential threats to humans. Microplastics widely distribute in wastewater treatment systems, soils and different aquatic environments (rivers, lakes, oceans, drinking water, etc). The pollution level is even more severe in China compared to that in foreign countries, which may be related to China''s large population density. Moreover, microplastic pollution is found to exhibit obvious regional difference. The distribution patterns of microplastics in China are highly correlated with anthropogenic activities and the economical and industrial development in different regions. Besides, the treatment processes of wastewater treatment systems and the environmental capacity would also affect the pollution level of microplastics in the environment. However, the current investigation of microplastic pollution in China is still in its infancy. In order to better understand the microplastic pollution, the potential ecological risks and the efficient controlling strategy to avoid their environmental pollution in China, more researches should focus on the biological toxicity effects, distribution patterns, and the migration and transport behaviors.