中国大气污染治理:进展·挑战·路径

党的十八大以来，生态文明建设不断推进，其中大气污染治理是生态环境三大攻坚战之一.自2013年《大气污染防治行动计划》发布以来，我国开展了针对PM_2.5（细颗粒物）污染治理的一系列举措，在燃煤污染和移动源污染控制等领域取得了显著成绩，全国空气质量明显好转.相对于2013年，2017年京津冀、长三角、珠三角三大区域ρ（PM_2.5）年均值分别下降了40%、34%和28%.然而，目前我国不少区域和城市仍然面临着解决PM_2.5污染的急迫需求，并且O₃（臭氧）污染的重要性逐渐凸显，因此我国空气质量改善工作仍面临巨大挑战.今后在建设生态文明和"美丽中国"的进程中，围绕《打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划》目标，应重视对非电行业、柴油货车等重点源的控制，加强控制氮氧化物（NO_x）和挥发性有机物（VOCs）排放，持续推进能源和结构转型，协同推动我国积极应对气候变化和持续改善空气质量. 

Air Pollution Control in China: Progress, Challenges and Future Pathways

The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has initiated the promotion of ecological civilization in China. Air pollution control is among the three critical battles of ecological and environmental managements. Since the release of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan in 2013, a series of air pollution control measures have been implemented to tackle air pollution problems, notably the fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) pollution. In the past years, remarkable progress has been made in controlling coal burning pollution and mobile source pollution. The air quality across the country has been improved substantially. Notably, the annual average PM_2.5 concentrations in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta regions in 2017 decrease by 40%, 34% and 28%, respectively, compared with their levels as of 2013. However, there are still significant challenges for air quality management in China. Many regions and cities are still struggling to control PM_2.5 pollution, while ozone (O₃) pollution is becoming increasingly important. In the long-term process of promoting ecological civilization and building a 'beautiful China', enhanced control actions should be implemented under the guidance of the Three-year Plan on Defending the Blue Sky. In order to upgrade air quality continuously, attentions should be paid to several key sectors such as non-electricity power sectors and diesel freight trucks. Emission controls of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) should be enhanced. Furthermore, the promotion of energy and structural transformation committed to the national climate change mitigation target will bring in new opportunities to expedite the process of clearing up the sky.