有色金属尾矿库土地复垦与环境治理效益估算研究进展

有色金属矿山选矿形成的尾矿库是潜在的高风险重金属污染源，闭库后应及时进行土地复垦与环境治理.有色金属尾矿库的综合整治效果如何，可以通过合理的效益估算来分析，有效的效益估算往往涉及多学科领域的专业知识.在归纳总结国内外有色金属尾矿库复垦治理效益相关研究的基础上，系统地阐述了复垦治理经济效益、社会效益和生态环境效益的概念、内容及其估算方法.对已有有色金属尾矿库复垦治理效益估算的研究表明:尾矿库复垦的直接经济效益较小，主要是估算复垦区内植物的经济收益以及采用收益还原法估算复垦土地的增值收益；社会效益主要是采用价值法和替代法针对增加就业和社会保障进行估算，较少关注复垦治理对社会其他方面的贡献；生态环境效益估算方法主要包括污染损失率法、生态服务价值法及环境价值法等，但与复垦治理技术措施结合较少，效益估算对复垦治理措施优化的作用较弱.总体来看，有色金属尾矿库复垦治理效益估算的内容涵盖不够全面，尚未形成适合重度重金属污染尾矿库特点的效益估算体系，效益估算准确性较低.因此，合理确定尾矿库复垦治理效益估算的内容、完善效益估算方法及其数学模型、合理确定模型参数，是有色金属闭库尾矿库土地复垦与环境治理效益估算进一步研究的重点内容.有效的效益估算可为优化有色金属尾矿库复垦治理措施、寻求最佳复垦治理模式及确定复垦治理的资金投入提供依据. 

Research Progress on the Benefit Estimation of Land Reclamation and Environment Remediation for Non-Ferrous Metal Tailings Pond

Non-ferrous metal tailings pond formed by mineral processing is a potential and high-risk heavy metal pollution source. Land reclamation and environment remediation should be carried out in time after closing the pond. The effects of reclamation and remediation can be analyzed by benefit estimation, which involves multidisciplinary expertise. On the basis of summarizing the relevant researches at home and abroad on the effects of reclamation and remediation, the concepts, contents and estimation methods of economic, social and eco-environment benefits were systematically discussed. The results showed that the economic benefit of non-ferrous metal tailings pond reclamation was less, which mainly estimates the benefits of plants in the reclamation area and the value-added income of reclaimed land by income reduction method. The social benefit mainly estimated the value of increasing employment and social security by value method and substitution method, which pays less attention to the contribution of reclamation to other aspects. The eco-environment benefit was mainly estimated by pollution loss rate method, ecological service value method and environmental value method, which were less combined with reclamation and remediation measures, thus the benefit estimation had limited effect for the reclamation measures optimization. In general, the content of the benefit estimation was not comprehensive enough, and the benefit estimation system suitable for the tailings pond of severe heavy metal contamination was not formed, thus the accuracy of benefit estimation was low. Therefore, determining the contents of benefit estimation, improving the estimation methods and their mathematical models, and defining the parameters reasonably are the key contents for further study on the benefits estimation of land reclamation and environment remediation to non-ferrous metal closed tailings pond. The effective benefit estimation can provide references for optimizing the reclamation measures, seeking the best remediation model and determining the investment for non-ferrous metal tailings pond reclamation.