自然保护地生态系统服务价值评估研究进展

自然保护地具有重大的生态效益和经济效益，近年来自然保护地生态系统服务价值评估已成为当前生态学和环境经济学的研究热点.通过系统地回顾自然保护地生态系统服务价值评估的历史沿革，从空间尺度、研究对象、评估方法、评估指标等方面综述了相关的研究进展.总体来看，国内外相关案例已基本覆盖了国家、行政区域、自然地理单元和单个自然保护地等不同空间尺度；分别以森林、湿地、草地和荒漠等代表性生态系统类型自然保护地开展了研究；多采用价值系数与物质量评估两种方法；同时，不同自然保护地在供给、支持、调节、文化等四大类服务的指标选择上各有不同.自然保护地生态系统服务价值评估工作仍存在标准体系不完善、时空动态研究不足、未充分考虑利益相关方等问题，建议未来我国自然保护地生态系统服务价值评估从以下几个方面加强研究:①加强基础性研究，探索自然保护地生态系统服务的生态学机制；②开展各指标的长期动态监测，建立健全不同类型自然保护地生态系统服务价值评估指标体系和技术方法；③加强时空动态分析及影响因素分析，运用动态模拟模型预测价值的变化；④充分考虑不同利益相关方之间的权衡，使其在生态补偿研究中发挥重要作用；⑤加强评估结果在自然保护地规划、建设、管理、保护等各方面的应用研究. 

A Review of Ecosystem Services Assessment and Valuation of Protected Areas

Protected areas reserves provide significant ecologic and economic benefits. In recent years, the ecosystem services assessment and valuation of protected areas have become hot issues in current ecology and environmental economics studies. Through systematic review of the historical progress of the ecosystem services assessment and valuation of protected areas, we reviewed research advances from the aspects of spatial scale, research objects, evaluation methods and indicators. In general, relevant cases of domestic and foreign studies basically covered different spatial scales such as national, administrative regional, natural geographic units and individual protected area. Researches were carried out on different protected areas of representative ecosystems such as forests, wetlands, grasslands and deserts, respectively. There were two mainly valuation methods adopted, the coefficient valuation method and the material quality valuation method. Meanwhile, different protected areas used different indicators in the four categories of ecosystem services such as supply, support, regulation and culture. However, there are still insufficient researches on assessment and valuation standard systems, time and space dynamics, and stakeholder relationship. Therefore, we suggest that further studies on the ecosystem services assessment and valuation of protected areas focus on:(1) Strengthen basic research and explore the ecological mechanism of ecosystem services. (2) Establish indicator system and improve technical methods for different types of protected areas, and carry out long-term dynamic monitoring of each indicator. (3) Strengthen the analysis of spatiotemporal dynamics and impact factors of ecosystem services, and use dynamic simulation models to predict value changes. (4) Fully consider the trade-offs between different stakeholders to make them play an important role in ecological compensation research. (5) Strengthen the application research of valuation results in the planning, construction, management and protection of protected areas.