中国煤炭资源不均衡性及流动轨迹

应用洛伦茨曲线对中国煤炭资源分布、生产及消费情况进行了分析,结果表明:煤炭分布与生产表现出了高度的一致性,在空间上表现出显著的不均衡性(0.716 1/0.683 8>0.4),而消费与人口则表现出了较好的均衡性(0.273 8<0.4)。煤炭产消地的分离,导致了中国煤炭的北煤南运、西煤东运。2009年中国煤炭输出源地有:山西、内蒙古、陕西、贵州等省份,煤炭交汇中心有:河南、安徽、河北等省份,煤炭汇流中心有:山东、江苏、浙江等。从源地来看,山西的煤炭资源服务范围不断缩小,服务强度主要集中在邻近的省份,山西煤炭主要通过煤运北、中通道,输往华北,部分运往华东,南通道运输沿线的煤炭输往河南、江苏、山东、湖北等地。近年来内蒙古煤炭外运量不断增加,主要服务东北地区。鄂尔多斯的煤炭资源通过京包、神黄铁路运往华北、东北等地。蒙东煤炭资源主要经集通铁路供应辽宁、吉林等省。陕西的煤炭资源主要经陇海线运往华东、中南地区。贵州的煤炭除服务西南地区外,大量资源通过南昆、黔桂铁路运往广西、广东。随着"三西"地区煤炭资源的不断开发,铁路外运能力不足将成为煤炭外运的瓶颈。规划煤炭资源服务区域,调整和改扩建山西南部、内蒙古西部、新疆煤炭外运通道将成为优化煤炭资源流动的核心。

The Inequality of China's Coal Resources and Its Flow Paths

China is a big consumer of coal resources, and the distribution of its coal resources is uneven. Using the Lorenz curve, we analyzed the situation of China's coal resources distribution, production and consumption, and concluded that distribution and production of coal showed a high degree of consistency, and expressed a significant imbalance in the spatial distribution (0.7161/0.6838>0.4), but that consumption and population showed a good balance (0.2738<0.4). Separation of coal production to consumption leads to the transportation of China's coal resource from north to south, from west to east. In 2009, the net output provinces of China's coal resource are Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Guizhou and other three provinces, exchange centers are Henan, Anhui and Hebei, input provinces are Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, etc. In view of the output province, the services scope of Shanxi's coal resources continued to shrink, and service intensity mainly concentrated in the neighboring provinces. Shanxi coal partly transports to north and partly to east China through the coal transportation north and middle channel. The south channel transports along coal resource to Henan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hubei and other places. In recent years, the output volume of coal in Inner Mongolia were increased and mainly served Northeast China. Erdos coal resources are transported to North and Northeast China by Beijing-Baotou and Shenmu-Huanghua railways. Eastern Inner Mongolia coal resources mainly supplied Liaoning and Jilin provinces through Jining-Tongliao railway. Shaanxi's coal resources are mainly transported by the Lanzhou-Lianyungang railway to East and Central-South China. In addition to serve Southwest China, a lot of Guizhou's coal resources were transported to Guangxi and Guangdong provinces via the Nanning-Kunming, Guizhou-Guangxi railways. With the coal resources development in "Three-west" region, the railway transport capacity will become a bottleneck of coal transport. Planning of coal resources service area and adjustment and renovation and expansion of coal transport channel will become the focus of optimization of coal resources flow. When the new planning and constructing new coal transport channels, such as southern Shanxi, western Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang are completed, China's coal resources flow path will have a significant change.