资源型城市环境库兹涅茨曲线研究——基于面板数据的实证分析

论文以47个地级资源型城市为研究对象,利用2003-2009年的面板数据,运用环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)模型,以工业烟尘、工业废水和工业SO₂为例对其环境污染与经济增长的关系进行了实证研究。结果表明:资源类型影响资源型城市EKC的形状与转折点,同种污染物在不同资源型城市的曲线不完全相同,转折点在污染较重的资源型城市及人均GDP较低的资源型城市出现更早;资源型城市的EKC与全国的EKC不完全相同,相同的曲线下资源型城市的转折点出现更早。基于此,论文提出资源型城市应积极进行环境治理、实施绿色转型、大力发展循环经济、扩大实施总量控制的污染物范围,以促进这些城市的可持续发展。

Environmental Kuznets Curve of Resource-based Cities in China-An Empirical Research Based on Panel Data

Resource-based cities are a kind of special cities which have developed with the exploration of natural resources, and their resource-based industries account for a large share in the economy. In China, there are 118 resource-based cities which have made momentous contributions to the nation's development for decades. In general, industrial production makes economic growth, as well as environmental pollution. The higher the share of secondary sector in GDP is, the more pollution emission. The average of share of secondary sector in GDP in resource-based cities is ten percentage points higher than that in all prefecture-level cities. The pollution in resource-based cities is also more serious than that in these cities. With industrial dust, industrial waste water and industrial SO₂ as examples, this paper tests the relationship between environmental pollution and economic growth of 47 prefecture-level resource-based cities from 2003 to 2009 using Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) model. The result shows that three pollutants are significant at 1% or 5% level of significance. Here, the EKC of dust emission shows N-shaped. The turning points are 1750 and 39287 yuan of GDP per capita. But 1750 yuan is out of the sample. In 2010, the GDP per capita is less than 39287 yuan in most resource-based cities. Per capita dust emission decreases with the increase of GDP per capita in most resource-based cities in the past several years, but will increase in the future. It shows that economic growth is not decoupling with dust pollutant. The EKCs of waste water and SO₂ show inverted U-shaped pattern, which is consistent with the general findings of the relation between economic growth and environmental pollution. The turning points are 8371 and 16893 yuan respectively. Herein, 8371 yuan is at the right part of waste water EKC in more than half of these resource-based cities, while 16893 yuan is at the right part of SO₂ EKC in just a quarter of them. In addition, we find that category of resources influence the shapes and turning points of EKC in resource-based cities. Pollutants have various shapes of EKC in different kinds of resource-based cities. Turning points would come early in cities which polluted seriously and have low GDP per capita. Compared with the whole country, resource-based cities have earlier turning point if there are similar EKC. Finally, some recommendations are offered to improve the sustainable development of resource-based cities such as taking environmental treatments, carrying out green transformation, developing circular economy and enlarging the overall control.