基于不同利益相关方认知的水源地生态补偿探讨——以上海市水源地和用水区居民问卷调查为例

采用实地问卷调查和条件价值法评估上海市饮用水源保护的利益相关方认知，探讨黄浦江上游水源地生态补偿机制。研究结果表明，当前水源保护相关政策认知比例普遍较低，水源地部分居民福利受到一定影响，对政府补偿政策的期望较为一致，用水区多数居民愿意分担部分水源保护的责任和义务；水源地WTA和用水区WTP分别为1526元/(月?户)和306元/(月?户)，相应未来5年的总受偿意愿和总支付意愿为759.48×10⁸元和465.08×10⁸元；生态补偿方案的合理设计以及不同利益相关方的良好沟通是解决水源地环境冲突的关键。

Ecological Compensation for Stakeholder Involved in Source Water Protection: A Case Study of Shanghai City

The conflict between rapid economic development and source water protection is obvious in plain river network. The upper Huangpu River Watershed is the main source water in Shanghai City. The water environment in the upper Huangpu River Watershed is influenced by regional social-economic factors, such as regional development, urbanization and population scale, local economic level and land use. Through questionnaires investigation and contingent valuation method, different stakeholders involved in the upper Huangpu River protection were evaluated and corresponding ecological compensation mechanism was discussed. The results showed that: l) the percentage of residents awareness of source water protection policy was low, and income of some residents was influenced by the policy; 2) the residents expected much of the compensation, and most of the residents in Shanghai City regarded source water protection as their responsibility; 3) the mean value of WTA and WTP to the ecosystem services of the upper Huangpu River was 75948 million yuan and 46508 million yuan per household per month, respectively; and 4) good design of ecological compensation mechanism and involvement of different stakeholder were the way to solve the conflict in source water area.