基于空间距离和时间成本的中小文化旅游城市可达性研究

在区域旅游发展中,中小文化旅游城市是其重要内容之一。除旅游景点本身的吸引力之外,旅游目的地的可达性及旅游景点基础设施的完善是其旅游发展的重要内容,因此中小文化旅游城市的可达性研究具有重要意义。基于GIS软件,论文从空间距离和时间成本角度对全国34个中小文化旅游城市的可达性进行研究。结果表明:我国中小文化旅游城市的可达性表现出非均衡的空间分布特征,其3 h可达服务范围(即游客市场)并未覆盖全国。其中,东北地区、华南地区、内蒙古高原、青藏高原等地区因中小文化旅游城市分布较少而出现可达服务范围的空白区域,而长江三角洲、成渝、鲁西南和海峡西岸等地区中小文化旅游城市的可达服务范围已绵延成片,具有较大的区域旅游合作潜力。此外,通过对中小文化旅游城市的旅游收入、旅游人数与可达范围内社会经济属性进行相关性分析,发现旅游收入与1 h可达范围内的GDP相关性最高,而旅游人数与50 km范围内的GDP相关性最高。

Accessibility of Medium-and Small-sized Cultural Tourist Cities Based on Spatial Distance and Time Cost

Medium- and small-sized cultural tourist cities are an important component part of regional tourism. Besides the attraction of scenic spots, enhancing accessibility and perfecting infrastructure construction in scenic spots are very important for their tourism development. Therefore, the research on accessibility of medium- and small-sized cultural tourist cities is meaningful. First, there are 113 cultural cities which are proved by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China. The medium- and small-sized cities are defined with non-agricultural people less than 500000 in 2008. Therefore, the paper gets 34 medium- and small-sized cultural tourist cities as research objects. Second, the paper researches the accessibility of 34 medium- and small-sized cultural tourist cities from the perspective of Euclidean distance and time cost based on GIS with countiec as the basic unit. The Euclidean distance is measured by 50 km, 100 km, and 200 km respectively and the time cost is calculated by 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours based on the road transport network since most tourists are distributed in 250 km from the attractions. Results indicate that: the accessibility of the 34 medium- and small-sized cultural tourist cities shows disequilibrium in spatial distribution, and the blank areas and overlapped areas from attractions for enjoying tourism resources exist together. For example, Northeast China, South China, Inner Mongolia Plateau and Tibetan Plateau can’t access medium- and small-size cultural tourist cities in 200 km or 3 hours. Conversely, the market areas of cultural tourist cities in the Yangtze River, Chengdu-Chongqing region, Southwestern Shandong, and West of the Taiwan Strait are overlapped in 200 km or 3 hours, and the tourism resources of these areas have the potential for regional cooperation. Finally, this paper calculates the correlation coefficient of tourism income, tourism population of the 34 cities and the socio-economic indices in accessed areas by distance and time, and the result shows that the GDP in 1 hour has the highest correlation coefficient with the tourism income and the GDP in 50 km having the highest correlation coefficient with the tourism population. In a word, how to perfect the infrastructure construction of medium- and small-sized cities and enhance their accessibility has great function to expand their tourism market.