农地转用政策与农地转用最优数量——外部性内化视角的实证分析

尽管不少文献对农地转用政策的有效性进行了分析,但我国农地转用政策在农地-市地配置优化中的作用却较少受到关注。论文从外部性内化的视角出发,利用地方政府农地转用模型对土地用途管制、税费政策的作用机制和配置效应进行研究。在考虑多项政策影响的基础上,对湖北省地方政府决策函数进行拟合,并结合近年来农地外部性测算的结果实证分析了农地转用政策的合理性及其对农地转用数量的影响。实证结果表明,土地用途管制和税费政策均能显著地抑制农地转用数量,但政策的影响效果则存在差异。其中,税费政策的数量标准与外部性数量基本一致,但土地用途管制对农地转用的抑制效果已经超出了外部性内化的目标。根据这一结果,结论部分讨论了相应的政策含义及农地转用配置优化的对策建议。

Policies and Optimal Amount of Rural-Urban Land Conversion: From the Perspective of Externalities Internalization

This paper attempts to empirically analyze the effects of current policies on the optimization process of rural-urban land conversion. Firstly, a decision model of rural-urban land conversion was constructed on the assumption that local governments are decision makers. The model illustrates that land regulation and land conversion taxation both restrain land conversion, but they have different impact on land conversion. Secondly, the decision function of local government in land conversion was simulated and the influence of policies on land conversion was estimated with the reference to the externalities amount in Hubei Province. In the empirical process, the study generalizes and integrates land regulation and taxation policies, including annual land use plan, fees for new construction land, fees for new cultivated land development and fees for occupying cultivated land. Then the decision-making of local government in rural-urban land conversion under land regulation and/or taxation policies were compared. The result shows that both land regulation and taxation decrease rural-urban land conversion significantly. Specifically, the amount standard of taxation is accordance with externalities, but land regulation excessively restrains land conversion. The results also present that the targets of above policies are different from the perspective of externalities internalization. At last, suggestions are provided on the basis of results.