江西省赣州市稀土矿开采导致的水土保持价值损失评估

稀土矿的无序开采既造成了稀土资源的浪费,也导致了水土流失和环境污染等一系列环境问题。论文基于通用土壤流失方程（USLE）,利用江西省赣州市的稀土矿调查点数据、遥感数据、气象数据和基础地理数据分别测算了基准参考区（未受稀土开采干扰的植被覆盖较好的区域）与稀土矿开采所导致的植被破坏区内的土壤侵蚀量,通过对二者的横向对比估算由稀土开采所导致的土壤侵蚀量,并进一步对稀土开采所导致的水土保持实物量及价值量损失进行了核算。结果表明：1）赣州市稀土开采所导致的土壤侵蚀极为严重,相较于基准参考区较低的土壤侵蚀模数 平均为2 345.9 t/(km²·a)],矿区及其周边的平均土壤侵蚀模数达到了8 487.5 t/(km²·a),土壤侵蚀严重区甚至高达70 000 t/(km²·a)以上,总体上,赣州市2013年稀土矿开采所导致的土壤侵蚀量为646 917 t;2）赣州市稀土开采所导致的水土保持实物量及价值量损失巨大,2013年,赣州市稀土开采所导致的水土保持价值损失量为461 921.3万元,占到了其当年总产值的12.35%。论文构建的水土保持价值损失评估方法可为其他类似矿区的评估提供解决思路,研究结果可为稀土矿区生态评估、稀土资源定价以及矿区的生态环境管理提供依据。

Assessing the Loss Value of Soil and Water Conservation Resulted from the Mining of Rare Earth Ore in Ganzhou,Jiangxi Province

Mining the rare earth ore without orders not only causes the waste of rare earth resources, but also leads to a series of environmental problems, such as the loss of soil and water, environmental pollution, and so on. Based on the universal soil loss equation (USLE), this article first evaluated the amount of soil erosion in the reference regions and the rare earth ore mining regions by using the investigation data of the rare earth ore, remote sensing data, meteorological data and basic geographic data in Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, and then analyzed the quantity and lost value of soil and water conservation resulted from the mining of rare earth ore by comparing the results in these two kinds of regions. The results showed that: 1) The soil erosion resulted from the mining of rare earth ore in Ganzhou was very serious. Comparing with the reference regions with lower soil erosion modulus (average of 2 345.9 t/(km²·a)), the average soil erosion modulus in the mining areas and their surroundings were quite high which reached 8 487.5 t/(km²·a), even more than 70 000 t/(km²·a) in the most serious areas. As a whole, the amount of soil erosion caused by the mining of rare earth was 646 917 t. 2) Both the quantity loss and the value loss of soil and water conservation resulting from the mining of rare earth ore were huge. The value loss for soil and water conservation resulted from the mining of rare earth ore was 4 619.213 million yuan in 2013, accounting for 12.35% of the total output value of rare earth ore. The methodology for the assessment of the lost value of soil and water conservation can be used to resolve the similar environment damage evaluations in other mining areas, and the research results provide a basis for the ecological assessment, the price making of the rare earth, and the ecological environment management in mining areas.