玉米生产环境成本及全要素生产率的时空研究

论文在把玉米生产省（区）按生产能力划分为三类产区的基础上,纳入环境成本,系统分析了2004—2014年各地区玉米生产的环境成本全要素生产率及其分解的变化,并明确了三类产区在未来玉米产量保障中的地位和作用。研究结果表明：1）玉米生产环境成本全要素生产率呈现下降趋势,生产方式整体仍属于粗放型,同时玉米生产正转向劳动节约型和环境可持续型;2）第一主产区具有产量和环境可持续性优势,未来仍将是我国玉米供给主要产区,第二主产区和其他产区在要素管理和技术水平以及环境可持续性方面仍有待提高,能够为未来玉米需求提供更高保障。

Research on Temporal and Spatial Evolutions of Environmental Cost and Total Factor Productivity of Maize Production in China

This paper focuses on China’s maize production and makes comparison of maize production in different producing districts. The paper divides 20 maize production provinces in China into three production districts, first main producing district, second main producing district and other producing district, based on the production scale and total yield in each province. After calculating the environmental total factor productivity of maize production in each province from 2004 to 2014, including the environment cost of chemical fertilizer, pesticide, machine and electricity, this paper makes comparison among three producing districts. The main results are as follows. Firstly, although the yield per unit area is increasing, the total factor productivity of corn production shows a downward trend, decreasing at the rate of 3.3% per year on average, which is mainly caused by the lack of production capacity exploitation and labor reservation; and maize production in China is still in extensive mode meanwhile it is experiencing a transition to labor-saving and environment-sustainable production. Secondly, the comparison between three producing districts shows that the first main producing district has the advantages in mechanization level, environmental sustainability and environmental total factor productivity and has high yield both in total and per unit area. As this district supplies about 65% of the total maize production in China, maize production in China can maintain at high level in the future. The second main producing district has advantage in maize production foundation and its technical efficiency increases at the rate of 2% on average, thus this district can ensure maize supply security by optimizing management of inputs. The other producing district has advantages in environment-sustainable transition rate and has high yield per unit area, thus it can make supplement of maize supply by applying advanced technology.