丘陵山区耕作层覆土需求优先度评价研究——以福建省光泽县为例

论文基于GIS技术,采用层次分析法从土壤构型、交通便捷情况、地块立地条件和地块理化条件4个方面构建了丘陵山区耕地耕作层覆土需求优先度的评价指标体系,利用改进的特尔斐法确定其权重,建立了评价模型,并以福建省光泽县为例进行了评价。结果表明：① I级优先区面积占5.2%,该区54%的面积是质量较差的规划开发补充耕地,其余是质量较差而基础条件较好的现有低产水田,对其实施覆土工程成本较低、综合效益较高,属于优先覆土区;② II级优先区占49.1%,该区耕作层覆土效益仅次于I级区,属于备选覆土区;③ III级和IV级区占45.7%,暂可不安排覆土工程。评价结果较好地反映了光泽县的实际情况,将为该区移土培肥专项规划编制以及耕地保护工程实践提供科学依据。

Study on the Priority of Soil-covering Demand of Farmland Cultivated Horizon in Hilly Areas—A Case Study in Guangze County of Fujian Province

The cultivated horizon has the richest nutrients, the best farming performance and the greatest production capacity in the soil structure. It is the essence of the cultivated land and also the non-renewable precious resource for agricultural production. In order to provide scientific basis and decision reference for regional special planning and land consolidation, this paper took Guangze County of Fujian Province in the southeastern hilly regions as the study area, and utilized the method of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to establish a synthetic evaluation index system for the priority of farmland cultivated horizon’s soil-covering demand in hilly regions. The index system consisted of two levels. The level I included four aspects of soil configuration, traffic convenience, field site condition and field physicochemical condition. The level II included eight indices of thickness of the farmland cultivated horizon, thickness of the soil layer, distance between the plot and the roadway, slope, plot size, irrigation and drainage condition, soil texture and organic matter content. Then, the weights of indices and evaluation criteria were determined by the modified Delphi method. Finally, the established model was used to evaluate and classify the farmland by the demand of soil-covering. The results were as follows: 5.2% of the whole region was the grade I region which had the most priority of soil-covering demand, in which 54% of the grade I region was the planning and development farmland in low quality, and the other was low-yield paddy field which had good basic conditions but was in low quality. Covering soil in these regions would be lower cost and higher benefit. The region of grade II priority approximately accounted for 49.1% of the total, which was inferior to the grade I region, and was the alternative region of soil-covering for cultivated horizon. The region of grade III and IV priorities accounted for 45.7%, where it was unnecessary to arrange soil-covering projects. The evaluation results consistent with the reality in Guangze County well, which would provide a scientific basis for the project of soil transfer and muck increase and the practice of cultivated land protection.