生计多样性对农户参与农田生态补偿政策响应状态的影响——以上海闵行区、苏州张家港市发达地区为例

农田生态补偿政策是采用经济手段激励农户对农田生态系统服务功能进行保育和维护,解决因市场失灵造成生态效益外溢的一种有效方式,对于改善农田生态环境、提升农地开敞空间、增加农户收益具有积极作用。论文从发达地区农户生计多样性角度入手,利用结构方程模型分析农户生计多样性对农户参与补偿政策的支持意愿、政策实施效果响应的影响。结果表明:①农户基本特征、家庭特征、生计多样性特征、村庄发展特征在5%的水平下对农户在农田生态补偿政策上的支持意愿具有正向影响;②农户基本特征、家庭特征、生计多样性特征在5%的水平下对农户在补偿政策实施效果上的响应具有正向影响,农户村庄发展特征在5%的水平下对其具有负向影响;③农户生计多样性特征是影响农户补偿政策支持意愿最主要的因素,是影响补偿政策实施效果响应的次要因素。这表明补偿政策实施后,农户生计多样性特征对于提高农户对补偿政策支持意愿与政策实施效果响应方面具有积极的作用。把握三者之间的关系有利于政府制定和完善现有农田生态补偿政策,为引导农户生计多样性发展提供参考。

Livelihood Diversity and Farmer Participate in Farmland Ecological Compensation Policy Response: The Case Study of Minhang District,Shanghai and Zhangjiagang District,Suzhou

Farmland ecological compensation is an effective economic way to motivate farmers to protect and maintain the ability of ecosystem services of farmland, which improves the externalities of ecological benefits caused by market failures. It also has a positive impact on improving environment of farmland ecosystem, expanding the open space, and increasing farmers'income. In this paper, we draw the relationship between farmers'livelihood diversity in developed areas and their participation in farmland ecological compensation policy response by the structure equation model (SEM). The results indicate that the farmers'basic features, family characteristics, livelihood diversity and regions developing level have a positive impact on farmers'supportive willingness of farmland ecological compensation policy (5% level significantly). It further gives the farmers'basic features, family characteristics and livelihood diversity characteristics generated positive influence on farmers'response of compensation policy effect, and regional developing level has a negative impact on it (5% level significantly). Finally we rank by the factors which generated more positive effect on farmers'supportive willingness and their response of ecological compensation policy. We find livelihood diversity characteristics are the dominant factor on former and the second largest factor in sequence. Overall, the livelihood diversity characteristics have a positive effect on both farmers'supportive willingness and policy response. So it is important for government to take these issues into consideration when draft an effective farmland ecological compensation policy. And those results will provide a guide for the development of farmers'livelihood diversity.