城市化背景下宅基地利用的租值消散与农户行为研究——以北京市朝阳区下辛堡村为例

随着城市扩张和城乡空间的急剧演变,农村宅基地的区位和功能均发生了深刻变化。城市扩张带来的建设用地需求提升了宅基地的潜在价值。然而,集体土地制度对农村宅基地产权权能的限制,将使宅基地利用过程中部分土地租值被置入“公共领域”,形成“非专有收入”,进而在竞争下导致租值消散。论文基于产权管制和租值消散理论,分析宅基地功能和资源价值转变下,集体土地制度对宅基地的产权管制所造成的“公共领域”和“非专有收入”,并以北京市城中村为例解释农户降低租值消散的宅基地利用行为。在此基础上,以消除资源价值的“公共领域”为原则,提出宅基地使用制度改革的政策建议,为城市化背景下提高宅基地资源配置效率和调控农户土地利用行为提供科学依据。

Study on Rent Dissipation and Land Use Behavior of Suburban Rural Housing Land under the Background of Urbanization

With the rapid development of urbanization and rapid evolution of urban and rural relationship, the location and function of the rural housing land have been undergoing profound transition. The sustained brisk demand for construction land raises the potential value of rural housing land. However, due to the urban-rural dual land system, there are restrictions on the transactions and usage of collective construction. The regulation of property rights puts part of the rent value of rural housing land into the “public domain”. In that case, the land resource could not be allocated to the best use. The “non-exclusive income” left in the “public domain” tends to dissipate, not only because of the inefficient resource allocation, but also because of the rent competition among the land users. As a kind of economic waste, rent dissipation will be reduced to the greatest extent by related resource consumers.