基于分形理论的农村居民点空间特征研究——以北京市平谷区为例

空间结构与空间形态相互联系、相互作用,共同构成农村居民点空间特征,对二者的综合分析可更好地考察农村居民点用地布局特点。基于分形理论,在总体与部分两个层次上对2004-2012年北京市平谷区农村居民点空间结构与形态特征及其动态变化进行综合分析,并提出空间结构合理优化及空间形态稳定性提高相关对策。研究表明,平谷区农村居民点空间结构和形态分形特征显著。全区尺度上,聚集维数、关联维数随时间变化而减小,形态维数值持续增大,农村居民点空间结构呈聚集发展态势,空间结构自组织不断优化,但形状特征日趋复杂,稳定性降低;分乡镇尺度上,部分乡镇存在空间结构松散、关联性较弱等问题。未来需加强交通等基础设施建设,增强居民点体系内各要素关联度,促进空间结构优化;并科学编制乡村土地利用规划,降低土地利用空间发展的随意性。研究可为优化农村居民点布局,科学指导农村居民点用地调整提供参考。

Study on Spatial Structure and Form of Rural Residential Based on Fractal Theory: A Case Study on Pinggu District in Beijing

Based on the fractal theory, this paper measured and analyzed the change of spatial structure and spatial form of rural residential lands in Pinggu District of Beijing from 2004 to 2012, and put forward countermeasures for optimizing the spatial structure and increasing the stability of its spatial from. Results showed that spatial structure and form of rural residential lands in Pinggu District took on fractal characteristics. On regional scale, the aggregation dimension and correlation dimension decreases as the time went on, and the form dimension continues to increase. And the spatial structure of rural settlement in Pinggu District conforms to the agglomeration development theory, while the spatial form became increasingly complex. So we need to strengthen the construction of transportation infrastructure, enhance the correlation degree of each element of the rural residential land system, so as to promote the spatial structure optimization. Also, the rural land use should be planned scientifically to reduce the randomness of spatial development of land use and realize the sustainable development of rural residential land in Pinggu District. This study can provide an academic basis for the layout adjustment and consolidation of rural residential land in practice.