基于结构和水环境的城市湿地景观健康研究——以西溪湿地公园为例

景观健康是近年来随着生态系统健康研究不断深入而出现的一个新的景观生态学概念,旨在探讨景观尺度下生态健康的问题。论文针对城市湿地公园的特征,构建能够反映其特征的景观功能分类体系,建立景观结构健康和水环境健康的评价模型,并在分析两者之间关系的基础上,对景观健康进行综合评价,探讨西溪湿地公园景观健康的空间异质性。研究结果表明,西溪湿地公园景观总体处于亚健康的状态,景观健康程度由公园内部向周边呈逐渐降低的趋势,说明湿地公园作为"湿岛",受到周边环境的强烈影响。其中,景观疾病的区域占公园总面积的20.42%;景观不健康的区域占整个公园的20.97%;景观亚健康的区域占整个公园的34.98%;景观健康和很健康的区域占整个公园的23.63%。研究结果有利于西溪湿地公园开展具有针对性的管理工作,且为其他城市湿地公园的规划和建设提供科学依据。

The Study of Landscape Health Based on Landscape Structure and Water Environment: A Case Study of Xixi Wetland Park in Hangzhou

In recent years, urban wetland parks are developed rapidly, but there are few theoretical researches on urban wetlands. So the theoretical researches are demanded urgently to maintain the health and sustainability of urban wetland parks. As a new concept emerging from landscape ecology and ecosystem health, landscape health is the subject dealing with ecosystem health on the scale of landscape. Several theories and methods, including the theories of geography, landscape ecosystem, environmental science and the methods of RS, GIS, geostatistical analysis and modeling, were used to study the theory of landscape health in urban wetland park. Considering the characteristics of urban wetland parks, landscape structure health and landscape process health were applied in landscape health assessment based on the landscape functional classification, and a case study was done in Xixi Wetland Park. The main research findings include: 1) the area of very good health and good health landscape mainly distributed near the center of the park, covering 23.63% of the whole park; and 2) the area of ill health and diseased landscape accounted for 41.39% of the park and distributed near the surrounding area of the park. Based on the study of landscape health, many suggestions were provided for the management of the park, including reducing human disturbance, adjustmenting landscape structure, and maintaining the water quality in the wetland park.