边境贫困县建设用地变化特征与驱动因素——以广西龙州为例

边境贫困县的土地利用、城镇发展与脱贫攻坚事关边境稳定和可持续发展大局。论文选取广西壮族自治区的龙州县为案例研究区域,以2011年和2016年高分影像作为主要数据源,结合社会经济数据,探讨该县近年建设用地时空变化特征及驱动因素。研究结果表明：1）龙州县主要建设用地的增幅达10.08%,其中城镇用地、农村宅基地、独立工矿用地、交通设施用地和旅游设施用地的增量分别占建设用地增量的37.74%、25.48%、20.96%、15.49%和0.33%;2）县城涉及的龙州镇、上龙乡建设用地增加较快,边境口岸城镇的建设用地增速也较快;3）从建设用地扩展模式来看,县城龙州镇为填充式扩张,其他乡镇为边缘式扩张;4）城镇发展提速、农民新房建设、工业园区建设、交通设施建设是建设用地扩张的直接驱动因素,近年来精准扶贫战略的深化落实、边境贸易活动的不断增多,是重要的政策驱动力。研究建议：深化落实贫困县建设用地倾斜政策,针对贫困县的建设用地,在省市层面要明确总量、增加流量,在县域层面要用好增量、优化布局、提高效率,切实助力脱贫攻坚和乡村振兴。

Spatio-temporal Features and Driving Forces of Construction Land Change in Typical Poverty-stricken Border Counties—A Case Study of Longzhou County in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

Sustainable land use, urban/town development and targeted poverty alleviation are key issues for poverty-stricken border counties. This paper explored the spatial and temporal characteristics and driving forces of construction land change in Longzhou, a typical poverty-stricken border county in Southwest China based on high-resolution images of 2011 and 2016 from Google Earth. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were employed. The results showed that: Firstly, the construction land increased by 10.08% during 2011-2016, and the areal proportion of construction land in Longzhou County increased from 2.20% to 2.42% during 2011-2016. The increments of urban construction land, rural residential land, independent industrial and mining land, construction land for traffic and construction land for tourist facilities accounted for 37.74%, 25.48%, 20.96%, 15.49% and 0.33% of the total increment of construction land, respectively. Secondly, construction land increased more significantly in the county town of Longzhou, Shanglong Town, which is near the county town, and Shuikou Town which is the most important trade port of Longzhou, than in the other towns. Thirdly, speeded-up urban development, rural housing construction, construction of industrial parks and transportation facilities are the most important direct factors driving the expansion of construction land. Fourthly, the construction land expansion is infilling expansion in the county town while it is edge-expansion in the other towns. Meanwhile, the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation strategy and the booming of border trade activities are important policy drivers. This paper suggests that local government should fully use the preferential policies of construction land for poverty-stricken counties issued by the central government.