基于单位面积价值当量因子的生态系统服务价值化方法改进

生态系统服务价值是生态保护、生态功能区划、自然资产核算和生态补偿决策的依据和基础,并且生态系统服务功能呈现出与生态结构和生态功能密切相关的时空动态变化特征,但目前国内尚缺乏统一和完整的生态系统服务价值的动态评估方法。研究基于文献调研、专家知识、统计资料和遥感监测等数据源,通过模型运算和地理信息空间分析等方法,对单位面积价值当量因子静态评估方法进行了改进和发展,构建了基于单位面积价值当量因子法的中国陆地生态系统服务价值的动态评估方法,实现了对全国14种生态系统类型及其11类生态服务功能价值在时间（月尺度）和空间（省域尺度）上的动态综合评估。初步的应用与评估结果表明,2010年我国不同类型生态系统服务的总价值量为38.1×10¹²元,总体变化趋势为从东南向西北逐渐降低,年内变化多表现为以7月为最高,1月和12月最低。总体而言,尽管还需要进一步地改进和完善,论文构建的评价体系为我国生态系统服务价值的时空动态评估提供了一个相对全面的综合评估方案,从而为我国自然资产评估、生态补偿等方面提供更为全面的科学依据与决策支持。

Improvement of the Evaluation Method for Ecosystem Service Value Based on Per Unit Area

Ecosystem service value is the base of decision-making for ecological protection, ecological regionalization and ecological compensation, and it appears the dynamic spatio-temporal changes which are closely connected with the variations of ecological structure and function. However, it is still lack of a universal and integrated dynamic evaluation method for ecosystem service value in China. Based on literature survey, expert knowledge, statistical data and remote sensing data, using model simulations and GIS spatial analysis method, this paper modified and developed the method for evaluating the value equivalent factor in unit area, and proposed an integrated method for dynamic evaluation on Chinese terrestrial ecosystem service value. This method can realize the comprehensive and dynamic assessment of ecosystem service value for 11 service types of 14 different types of terrestrial ecosystem at monthly and provincial scales in China. The preliminary application indicated that the total ecosystem service value was 38.1×10¹² yuan in 2010, in which the value from forest ecosystem was the highest, accounting for about 46%, followed by water body and grassland. Among different ecosystem service types, the contribution from regulation function was the highest, especially the values from hydrological regulation and atmospheric regulation which accounted for about 39.3% and 18.0% of total service value, respectively. Moreover, ecosystem service value presented apparent spatio-temporal patterns in China. Spatially, the ecosystem service value decreased from southeast to northwest and the highest value appeared in southeastern and southwestern regions. Temporally, the ecosystem service value for most of the ecosystems attained the peak in July and reached the trough during December and January except desert, barren and glacier ecosystem. Generally, although this established method still needs to be developed and optimized, it is the first to provide a relatively comprehensive approach for the spatio-temporal dynamic evaluation of ecosystem service value in China, which will be helpful to the scientific decision-making on natural capital rating and ecological compensation.