大湘西高级别景区时空分布特征及影响因素的空间异质性

旅游景区既是旅游业发展的先决条件和核心载体,也是最主要和最根本的旅游供给。基于大湘西高级别旅游景区数据,引入高级别景区发展差异指数,运用标准差椭圆分析法、核密度估计、全局空间自相关等多种空间统计方法,对2007年、2012年和2016年大湘西高级别旅游景区时空分布特征进行测度,并运用全局回归（OLS）模型和地理加权回归（GWR）模型,分析大湘西高级别景区影响因素的空间异质性。结果表明：大湘西高级别景区空间分布总体走向为东北—西南方向,且整体呈现小幅度逆时针旋转;高级别景区空间分布格局呈现出由“三核心两区县”向“一极多点”再到双核带动的“遍地开花型”空间格局的演化;高级别景区数量的空间正相关性不断减弱,且其在空间上的分布呈现一定的集聚特征;区域经济发展水平、政府政策扶持力度、交通条件、旅游资源因素对大湘西高级别景区空间分布格局影响显著,且不同影响因素呈现出一定的空间异质性。研究结论可为全域旅游背景下深化旅游景区体制机制改革提供科学依据和参考价值。

Spatio-temporal distribution of high-level tourist attractions and spatial heterogeneity of its influencing factors in Western Hunan

Tourist attractions are not only the prerequisites and core carriers of tourism development, but also the most important and fundamental tourism supply. Based on the data of high-level tourist attractions in Western Hunan, this paper introduces the index of development difference of high-level scenic spots, and uses spatial statistical methods such as Standard Deviation Ellipse, nuclear density estimation and global spatial autocorrelation to measure the spatio-temporal distribution of high-level tourist attractions in 2007, 2012 and 2016. And then, it uses traditional ordinary least squares (OLS) model and geographic weighted regression (GWR) model to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of the influencing factors in the high-level tourist attractions of Western Hunan. Results show that: Generally, the spatial distribution of high-level tourist attractions in Western Hunan has a NE-SW trending, and the overall trend is a small counter-clockwise rotation; the spatial pattern of high-level tourist attractions shows the evolution from "three cores and two districts" to "single pole and many points" and then to "blossom all over" driven by dual-core. The spatial positive correlation of the number of high-level tourist attractions is decreasing, and its spatial distribution shows a certain dependence; regional economic development level, government policy support, traffic conditions and tourism resources have significant influence on the spatial distribution of the high-level tourist attractions in Western Hunan, and different influencing factors show a certain spatial difference. The research conclusion provides scientific basis and reference value for deepening the reform of mechanism of tourist attractions in the context of all-for-one tourism.