面向乡村振兴战略的村庄分类方法与实证研究

乡村振兴战略是新时期我国推进乡村发展的重要举措,村庄分类是促进乡村振兴战略规划在村级层面有效落地的先导工作,对于实现国家乡村振兴战略的阶段性目标具有重要意义。《国家乡村振兴战略规划（2018-2022年）》提出了集聚提升类、城郊融合类、特色保护类、搬迁撤并类等四种村庄类型,但并未明确具体的分类原则与方法。针对实践工作需要,本研究基于该四种村庄类型,进一步明确了其二级类,并提出了相应的分类原则与方法;建立了村庄分类模型（VCM）,从村庄特色、村民生存、发展建设、城村联系、村庄功能等五个维度,提出了村庄分类的参考指标体系。选取宁夏回族自治区盐池县作为案例区,基于前述原则、方法与模型,对该县102个行政村进行分类。实证检验表明：本研究提出的原则和方法对于村庄分类具有实践指导价值。需要说明的是,鉴于村庄内外部条件的差异性和复杂性,具体工作时仍需结合实际情况进行部分参数、阈值的设定。

Village classification system for rural vitalization strategy: Method and empirical study

Rural Vitalization Strategy (RVS) is an important measure to promote rural development in China in the new era. Village classification is an important work to promote the effective implementation of the plan for RVS at the village level. It is of great significance to achieve the phased objectives of the national RVS. The National Strategic Planning for Rural Vitalization (2018-2022) puts forward four types of villages: agglomeration and upgrading, suburban integration, characteristic protection, relocation and evacuation, but it does not specify the specific principles and methods for classification. Based on the four types of villages, this study further clarifies their sub-types, and puts forward the corresponding principles and methods for classification. A village classification model is also established, which refines the classification index system of villages from five dimensions: village characteristics, villagers' living conditions, village development and construction, urban-rural links and village functions. Based on the principles, methods and models mentioned above, 102 administrative villages in Yanchi county of Ningxia are classified. Empirical study shows that the principles and methods proposed in this study have practical guiding value for village classification. However, in view of the differences and complexity of village characteristics, some parameters and thresholds need to be set according to the actual situation.