基于生态安全格局识别的国土空间生态修复分区——以徐州市贾汪区为例

基于2000年、2008年、2016年遥感影像、历史矿井信息以及GIS空间分析方法,应用生态安全格局研究范式：综合识别生态源地-经井田边界修正生态阻力面-应用电路理论构建生态廊道-判别生态过程障碍区,将代表生态修复需求、生态过程难易和生态要素特征的生态源地、障碍区和生态阻力面空间叠加,最终划定生态修复分区。研究结果表明：（1）三个年份生态源地面积平均约占贾汪区面积的17.77%,随着城镇化发展和矿井闭坑等因素影响呈现先降后升的趋势;生态阻力面变化规律与之相反,并逐步以城镇化发展为主导影响因子。（2）生态廊道分布明显存在整体空间相似性和各镇内部分异性,呈环形沿河流分布或位于植被覆盖较好的低山丘陵区;障碍区明显存在重叠区域,主要分布在京杭大运河以北的区域,以北部和中部较多。（3）划分了生态保育区、生态提升区、生态修复区、生态控制区四个生态修复分区,面积分别为144.38 km²、189.60 km²、182.68 km²、103.34 km²。研究结论能够为贾汪区生态转型发展和生态修复提供空间指引。

Ecological remediation zoning of territory based on the ecological security pattern recognition: Taking Jiawang district of Xuzhou city as an example

Ecological security pattern is crucial for implementing the systematic ecological remediation in the resource-exhausted city. It can assist the government in clarifying and facilitating the orientations and priorities in ecological remediation practices. An ecological remediation zoning of territory based on the ecological security is proposed. In the framework, three-phrase remote sensing images, historical mine information, and GIS spatial analysis are utilized. With the application of the paradigm of ecological pattern research, the essential elements of an ecological pattern are obtained. Ecological source areas are recognized from the perspectives of connectivity, sensitivity, and importance. The ecological resistance surface was revised based on the information of the past minefield boundary. By the application of circuit theory, ecological corridors, and other possible areas of ecological processes were identified. Based on the space superposition of the ecological-source area, barrier area, and resistance surface, the ecological remediation zones are delineated along with the consideration of the needs of ecological restoration, the difficulty of ecological processes, and the characteristics of ecological factors. A case study of Jiawang district in Xuzhou city, Jiangsu province is used to demonstrate the application of the proposed method. Results indicate that the average area of ecological sources accounts for almost 20% of the whole district in 2000, 2008 and 2016. The percentage of ecological sources rose before 2008 and fell after 2008 because of urbanization and mine closure. On the contrary, the change of the ecological resistance surface has an opposite trend due to the fact that urbanization becomes the dominant factor. In the past three phrases, the distributions of ecological corridors have an obvious spatial similarity overall, but differentiation within each town. These corridors are either along the rivers or in the low hilly area with good vegetation coverage. However, they are sparsely distributed in the central-, southern-, and southwestern parts of the region. The barrier areas are overlapping among different phrases and sitting to the northern side of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, in which obstruction level is higher in the northern and central parts. Due to the treatment of the subsidence area after mine closure, the area of barrier began to decline. Four ecological restoration zones, namely ecological conservation zone, ecological upgrading zone, ecological restoration zone and ecological control zone, are divided into areas of 144.38 km², 189.60 km², 182.68 km² and 103.34 km², respectively. These findings can provide spatial guidance for ecological transformation and ecological remediation in Jiawang district.