川东高海拔山区红三叶、红三叶─鸭茅和红三叶─黑麦草人工群落生物量的比较研究

红三叶牧草作为一个优良牧草品种，在川东高海拔山区表现尤为突出。本文就红三叶、红三叶─鸭茅和红三叶─黑麦草三个人工群落进行了比较系统的生物量观测，比较了三个群落的总生物量、地上生物量、地下生物量特点，分析了各群落生物量在不同部位的分配情况，垂直空间上的配置，以及各器官在垂直空间上的配置和各个群落的茎、叶、花、立枯在垂直空间上所构成的分布带谱，通过以上分析发现，红三叶─黑麦草群落的总生物量最高，为４６．４７ｋｇ／ｈａ，其中地上部分为２４．５７ｋｇ／ｈａ，而红三叶─鸭茅群落的地下部分最为发达，地下生物量达２４．７４ｋｇ／ｈａ。根据群落生产结构，发现以红三叶为主的人工群落，其生产结构为不规则塔型分布，在离地面２０─４０ｃｍ处，生物量有一个高峰，并且红三叶─黑麦草群落的地上、地下生物量在垂直空间上分布较为均匀，其生产结构较为合理。通过各器官垂直空间分布分析，发现茎主要分布在４０ｃｍ以下，叶量最大是在４０ｃｍ左右，生殖器官最大量在５０ｃｍ附近，并且根据群落的茎：叶：花（穗）：立枯垂直分布带谱可以发现，各个器官在不同层次中所处的地位，而且根据此带谱可以掌握草地的刈割时间和刈割高度。

A COMPARISION OF THE BIOMASS OF ARTIFICIAL COMMUNITIES OF RED CLOVER, RED CLOVER-ORCHARDGRASS AND RED CLOVE-RRYEGRASS IN THE HIGH MOUNTAIN REGION OF EASTEN SICHUAN PROVINCE

Red clover is a good forage crop and grows very well in the high mountain region of easten Sichuan Province. This study observs the biomass and compares the characteristics of the grass biomass, the biomass above ground and the biomass under ground of three artificial communities of Red Clover,Red Clover-Orchardgrass and Red Clover-Ryegrass. It analyses each organ biomass and their vertical distribution and the productive structure of the three communities. The results show that the biomass of Red Clover-Ryegrass community is the highest, namely, 261. 42g/50×50cm2. But the biomass under ground of the Red Clover-Orchardgrass community is the largest, namely, 139.16g/50×50cm2. The productive structure of all the three pastures is a irregular tower in shape. At the hight of 20-40cm,the biomass is the largest. Their productive structure is reasonable. According to the organ biomass, each organ has its major distributive layer. The major distributive layers of stem, leaves and flowers are at 0-40cm,at about 40 cm and at about 50 cm respectively.