西北干旱区水资源开发利用阶段及潜力

根据中国西北干旱区山前平原地区水资源转化和开发利用历史、现状与未来的趋势,可以将水资源开发利用划分为３个阶段：地表水开发利用阶段、地表水与地下水联合开发利用阶段和可用水资源的经济利用阶段。３个阶段前后衔接,相互交叉,较客观地反映了干旱区水资源开发利用层次随社会、技术进步不断提高的规律和过程。其中节水实际上在整个水资源开发利用过程中都要贯彻,但第三阶段的经济用水内涵不同于前两个阶段,特别是在灌溉农业上,包含摆脱传统观念和进行变革,具有更深层次的意义。根据调查和计算,干旱地区现净用的水量仅１６０×１０^８ｍ３,只占水资源总量的１８％,还处在地表水资源开发利用不充分阶段；如完成第一阶段,可用水量能增加９１％,完成第二阶段,则可增加２１６％,潜力很大。

THE STAGES AND POTENTIAL OF THE EXPLOITATION AND UTILIZATION OF THE WATER RESOURCE IN THE ARID NORTHWEST CHINA

The exploitation and utilization of the water resource can be divided into three stages according to the transformation, development history,current situation and future tendency of the water resource of the piedmont plains in the arid Norhtwest Chiria. They are the exploitation and utilization stage of the surface water,the united exploitation and utilization stage of the underground and surface water as well as the economical use stage of the usable water resource. These stages reflect that the law and process of the use of water resource are related to the social and technical progress. Saving water is a main way in all the stages.However,the content of the economical use of water in the third stage is different from that in the first two stages,especially in respect of irrigation farming. It means a revolution of the traditional concept of water resource in the arid region. The net utilized water in the arid region is only 160×10⁸m3 at present according to investigation. It accounts for only 18% of the total water resource,which shows the exploitation and utilization of water resource is in an insufficient stage. The usable water can increase 91% if the first stage is completed and can increase 216% after the completion of the.second stage.Therefore,the potential is very great.