中国蛇足石杉资源调查与评估

通过对我国蛇足石杉主要分布区35个野外样点和总样方量71300m²的调查,结合国内12个标本馆470余号蛇足石杉馆藏标本及现有文献的研究表明:蛇足石杉的主要分布区位于我国中亚热带和南亚热带所在的地理区域,幅员面积260×10⁴km²,实际分布生境总面积约39×10⁴km²;性喜阴湿,所适应的生态环境为中亚热带常绿阔叶林和南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林及其次生生态系统;野外生物量的调查得到了蛇足石杉在不同的地理区域的生物量分布格局,并由此结合专家系统对直接取样结果和间接推导数据的权重分析及环境参数的评估,初步确定我国蛇足石杉天然生物量为4656.6t;并以此为基础,在进一步考虑人的采集能力的前提下,判定我国蛇足石杉的理论可采量为1604t;同时指出,在目前收购价格条件下(30～40元/kg),我国蛇足石杉商业可采量大约不会超过200t。由于蛇足石杉资源分散,而且许多相对集中的产地均位于自然保护区和风景区范围内,因此,不可大规模开采,解决资源短缺的问题还有赖于寻求其他更加科学合理的途径。另外,论文为小型植物的生物量和可采量评估提供了一些新思路和方法。

Resource Investigation and Assessment of Huperzia serrata

The investigation of 35 wild sample stands,located in the main distribution area of Huperzia serrata in China with a total area of 71 300m² in combination with the studies of more than 470 specimens of Huperzia serrata stored in 12 specimen houses as well as the existing documents, show that the main distribution areas of H. serrata are in the central and southern sub-tropical zones,with a total area of 2 600 000 km² and an actual distribution area of some 390 000 km². H. serrata is suitable in moist and shady areas located in evergreen broad-leaved forests in the central sub-tropical zone and the monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forests in the southern sub-tropical zone and its secondary biosystem. The field biomass investigation of H.serrata makes it possible to obtain the distribution data of varied areas. Combined with the systemic analyses of direct sampling results,and with indirect reasoning data and the assessment of environmental parameter,we determined that the natural storage capacity of H.serrata in China is 4 656.6t.Bassed on this figure,with manpower considered,the theoretical exploitation capacity is 1 604t.But taking into account of the current price of 30～40 yuan/kg,the commercial exploitation capacity can not exceed 200t.Because of the scattering status,and in more cases,the relative concentrated distribution areas are in the natural reserves and scenic spots,large-scale exploitation of H.serrata is not feasible.To evade the resource shortage of H.serrata, we must rely on other scientific and suitable approaches.The article also provides some new thinking and approaches to assess storage capacity and exploitation capatity of small plants.