绿色水资源利用效率的测度和收敛性分析

为实现水资源的高效利用和生态环境价值,必须把非合意产出纳入水资源利用效率的研究范畴。使用2003—2013年中国30个省市的面板数据,选取Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数测算了考虑环境污染的绿色水资源利用效率,在此基础上,进行了各地区水资源利用效率的收敛性检验,研究结果表明:1)针对全国而言,环境约束下的动态绿色水资源利用效率低于无环境约束得到的水资源利用效率,即忽视非合意产出时水资源利用效率被高估,这也表明传统的水资源利用效率数值的"虚高"是以水生态破坏为代价的。2)全国绿色水资源利用效率增长3.3%,其中,技术进步对水资源利用效率增长起到了正向作用,但技术效率却对改善水资源利用效率起了阻碍作用。3)全国、东部和中部区域绿色水资源利用效率增长率趋向于稳态,但西部区域的增长率虽存在条件β收敛,但不存在绝对β收敛。最后根据研究结果,提出高度重视水资源的经济价值和生态环境功能;紧扣自主创新和产业结构调整主线,通过技术进步大幅提升绿色水资源利用效率及建立节水减排的内在动力机制,缩小绿色水资源利用率的地区差距等建议。

Measurement and Convergence Analysis of Green Water Utilization Efficiency

To make full use of water resources and achieve ecological environment values, the undesirable outputs must be considered when we research water utilization efficiency. Using provincial panel data of China during 2003-2013, the green water utilization efficiency considering environmental pollution was measured with Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index. On this basis, cluster analysis and convergence tests of each region were made. The results showed that: 1) for the country as a whole, the dynamic green water utilization efficiency considering environmental constraints is lower than the water utilization efficiency without considering environmental constraints, namely the water resource utilization efficiency is overrated when ignoring undesirable outputs. This also shows that false high values of traditional water resources use efficiency are at the cost of ecological destruction. 2) The national dynamic green water utilization efficiency increased by 3.3%, in which technological progress has played a positive role, but technical efficiency is an obvious obstacle for improving the water use efficiency. 3) The green water utilization efficiency tend to steady growth in the whole country and in the eastern and central regions, but the growth of green water utilization efficiency in the western area is increasing. The growth rate of green water utilization efficiency in the western area is convergent but is not absolute convergent in β condition. Finally, we propose the following suggestions according to the research results: the economic value and ecological environmental value of water resources should be paid highly attention to; independent innovation and industrial structure adjustment also should be taken into consideration so as to enhance green water resources utilization efficiency by technological progress; the internal dynamic mechanism of water-saving and emission reduction should be established, and the regional gap of green water resources utilization should be reduced.